FORENSIC LINGUISTICS ON HOAXES ON SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE 2024 INDONESIAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN

Abstract

This interdisciplinary study integrates forensic linguistics, political communication, and digital media analysis to examine political disinformation typology and dissemination patterns during Indonesia's 2024 presidential election campaign. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the research analyzed 100 hoax instances across three major social media platforms: X (50), Facebook (25), and TikTok (25) between October 2023 and February 2024. The findings reveal distinct platform-specific patterns: fake news dominated X (38%) and Facebook (40%), while misinformation prevailed on TikTok (32%). Text structure analysis demonstrated that 52-88% of platform hoaxes utilized simplified content-focused structures without formal openings or closings optimized for virality. The research identified seven distinct categories of political disinformation with varying distribution across platforms: fake news, confirmation bias, misinformation, satire, post-truth narratives, propaganda, and clickbait. This study's innovative contribution lies in its cross-platform comparative analysis using an integrated theoretical framework that connects linguistic structure with information dissemination dynamics and platform-specific user behavior. The findings provide evidence-based insights for developing targeted digital literacy interventions and platform-specific countermeasures against political disinformation in emerging democracies.