Compatible and Incompatible Uses of Mixed Land Use within the Framework of Achieving Urban Resilience: A Case Study of Al-Yarmouk District in Baghdad

Abstract

Urban resilience is an essential tool for addressing the challenges of urban growth and land use diversity in cities, as it aims to enhance the ability of urban areas to adapt to environmental, social, and economic changes. This study focuses on compatible and incompatible mixed land uses in the Yarmouk area of Baghdad, with the aim of analyzing the impact of land use distribution on urban resilience and resident satisfaction. The research used a descriptive analytical approach, employing field surveys, direct observation, and secondary data to classify uses and determine levels of compatibility and incompatibility. The results showed that residential, service, educational, health, and recreational uses are largely compatible, which enhances the functional integration of the area and increases the ability of its residents to adapt to urban changes. In contrast, industrial uses showed clear incompatibility with housing and education, requiring planning to locate them away from residential areas to reduce functional conflicts. The survey also indicated residents' satisfaction with the proximity of markets and educational services, while noting their discomfort with the presence of some incompatible activities such as hospitals next to their homes, and the need to enhance green spaces. The study emphasizes that achieving urban flexibility depends on managing compatible uses and reducing functional incompatibility, using tools such as compatibility and incompatibility matrices to guide urban planning. The recommendations point to the importance of smart planning for mixed-use areas, increasing recreational spaces, and community participation in decision-making to ensure an integrated and sustainable urban environment.