Digital Governance Transformation in Regional Government: A Multi-Dimensional Framework for Enhancing Public Service Delivery in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

Abstract

This study systematically analyzes digital governance implementation in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, identifying multidimensional challenges and developing a recontextualized framework that extends foundational e-government models to address contemporary requirements for system integration and multi-stakeholder coordination. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 27 key informants (provincial officials, ICT administrators, district-level managers, and civil society representatives), document analysis of policy frameworks and SPBE evaluation reports (2018-2024), and direct observation of digital government platforms. Indrajit's (2002) six-dimensional e-government model provided the analytical framework, operationalized through systematic coding and thematic analysis. Findings reveal that despite substantial digital adoption progress with over 200 applications implemented and 79.5% internet penetration, Central Kalimantan's digital governance confronts critical systemic deficits. Assessment across six dimensions shows: (1) content development exhibits application proliferation without integration, with 40% of systems experiencing significant downtime; (2) competency building is severely constrained by acute ICT professional scarcity (0.3% of civil servants); (3) connectivity faces extreme geographical disparities with 186 villages remaining as "blank spots"; (4) cyber laws demonstrate substantial implementation gaps, with only 35% of systems implementing mandated security protocols; (5) citizen interfaces experience fragmentation with unintegrated service channels; and (6) capital allocation remains insufficient at 1.2% of provincial budget. Cross-dimensional analysis identifies three fundamental structural deficits: system fragmentation and absence of interoperability standards, inadequate coordination mechanisms lacking enforcement authority, and sustainability vulnerabilities reflecting insufficient lifecycle planning and vendor dependency. The study develops the C7I Model (Content, Competency, Connectivity, Cyber Laws, Citizen Interfaces, Capital, Interoperability, and Coordination-Collaboration), a comprehensive framework that explicitly integrates interoperability and coordination-collaboration as distinct analytical dimensions alongside Indrajit's original six components. Structured in three interconnected layers (foundational enablers, operational capabilities, and integrative mechanisms), the model addresses contemporary realities of fragmented digital ecosystems in regional government contexts.