Architecture Image Studies
type: channel
description: Architectural Image Studies (E-ISSN:2184-8645) is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal that explores the visual, cultural, technological, social, economic, and managerial dimensions of architecture. Adopting a multidisciplinary perspective, AIS brings together architecture, urban studies, economics, management, heritage, arts, social sciences, and digital technologies to understand how the built environment is conceived, represented, experienced, governed, and sustained. We believe architecture is more than form and function — it is a cultural and economic asset, shaped by complex interactions between design, policy, markets, communities, and technology. AIS publishes original research articles, theoretical explorations, visual essays, practice-based case studies, and critical reviews. The journal especially welcomes work that connects design thinking with economic development, urban governance, tourism management, and cultural industries. Our Areas of Interest Include: Architectural Representation & Media – Drawings, photography, film, digital rendering, photogrammetry, AI-generated visualizations. Urbanism & Spatial Studies – Urban planning, infrastructure, mobility, public space governance. Cultural Heritage & History – Heritage management, preservation economics, restoration policy, memory studies. Sustainability & Environmental Design – Green architecture, climate-responsive planning, adaptive reuse, resilience strategies. Art–Architecture Intersections – Public art, installations, creative collaborations in spatial contexts. Digital Technologies & Innovation – VR/AR, 3D scanning, computational design, smart environments, BIM systems. Social & Cultural Perspectives – Inclusivity, participatory planning, community-led development, spatial justice. Economics of Architecture & Urban Development – Real estate markets, architectural entrepreneurship, cost-benefit analysis in design. Management & Policy in the Built Environment – Urban governance, cul…
publisher: ap2
language: en
publication name: Architecture Image Studies
issn: 2184-8645
items: Legal Service in the Protection of Ophthalmologists from the Risk of Medical Lawsuits
items: Selection of the Optimal Cross-Sectional Shape of Profiled Steel Decking for Steel–Concrete Composite Floor Systems
items: Ownership concentration and extreme downside risk: The mediating role of landbanking in property development firms
items: Legal Protection Of Patients With Retinal Detachment as an Ophthalmic Emergency: A Case Study at Pasar Rebo Hospital Jakarta
items: Negotiating Saharan Heritage and Modernity: An Analysis of Fernand Pouillon’s Hotels in Southern Algeria
items: Spatial Configuration of Collective Social Housing: A Space Syntax Analysis of 1980s Housing in Biskra, Algeria
items: Orientalism Revisited: A Critique of Western Discourses of Non-Western Development through the Postcolonial, Subaltern and Marxist Frames
items: Evaluating the Approaches of Accessible Design in the Concept of Ideal City: A Case Study of Ankara
items: Abstractive Text Summarization using LSTM, GLOVE, and TensorFlow
items: Methods for Selecting Building Materials: A Comparative Analytical Study
items: Assessing the Effectiveness of Urban Intensification as an Approach to Social Sustainability in Algerian Cities: An Analytical Study Integrating GIS-AHP in the City of Bou Saâda
items: Biophilic Design Principles in Library Interiors: A Proposal for a Conceptual Design Guide
items: Post-implementation evaluation of urban street lighting using LED lighting units: a multi-criteria decision analysis methodology
items: Measuring Visual Pollution in Individual Housing in Bou Saâda, Algeria: A Comparative Study of Four Urban Patterns Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
items: Digital Trade 2.0: How Emerging Technologies (AI, IoT, and 5G) Are Redefining the Global Exchange of Goods and Services
items: The role of references transformations in architecture design creativity
items: Guidelines for Enhancing Lifelong Learning for Chinese Students Studying in Thailand
items: Land Conflicts and Social Insecurity in the Municipality of Kpele 1 in the Face of Sustainability Challenges in Togo
items: Flood Risk Analysis in Şanlıurfa City Centre
items: Spatial Analysis of Flood Risk in Manavgat
items: Distinguishing Manuel Panselinos from Michael Astrapas and Eutychios: A CIELAB Color Analysis of 13th Century Macedonian School Frescoes
items: The Daily Dispatch’s construction of criminal attacks on tourists in Eastern Cape, South Africa
items: Strategic Management of Urban Heritage and Sustainable Development in Touat Region of Algeria
items: The Caliph’s Feudalism and the Sultan’s Feudalism: Theory and Practice According to the Orientalist Poliak
items: Strengthening Employee Performance Through Sustainable HRM: Examining the Moderating Role of Individual Culture
items: Improving Regional Sports Performance through a Governance Lens: An Analysis of Sports Governance in Lamongan Regency
items: The Impact of Map-Based Worksheet Implementation on Spatial Thinking Skills in Social Sciences Subjects
items: Seismic Performance of an Earth Dam Strengthened with HDPE Geogrids by Finite Element Analysis
items: Spatial Justice and Urban Mobility Governance: Reconstructing the Policy Framework for Resolving Fatal Traffic Accidents in Indonesian Metropolitan Areas
items: Sustainable HRM is Influenced by Kaizen-Based HR with Multiple Mediation and Moderated by Employee Experience

Legal Service in the Protection of Ophthalmologists from the Risk of Medical Lawsuits
type: item
description: Optometrists face high legal risks due to invasive procedures directly related to vision function, while understanding medical law is still relatively limited. This condition raises the need for preventive and applicative legal service. This study aims to analyze the implementation of legal service in providing legal protection to ophthalmologists from the risk of medical lawsuits and assess the effectiveness of legal service in increasing the understanding and legal awareness of ophthalmologists. The research method uses a mixed approach (mixed methods) with an evaluative descriptive design through a one group pretest–posttest model. The research location will be carried out in hospitals and eye clinics in Makassar City in 2025 with the subject of ophthalmologists, hospital management, and legal teams. Data was collected through observation, interviews, pre- test and post-test questionnaires, and documentation studies, then analyzed descriptively, qualitatively, and quantitatively. The results of the study show that legal service is carried out in a structured manner through medical legal education and applicative assistance supported by the active role of hospitals and legal teams. The effectiveness of legal service can be seen from a significant increase in ophthalmologists' legal understanding and the ability to apply the principle of legal prudence in clinical practice. This study concludes that legal service is effective as an instrument of preventive legal protection for ophthalmologists. This study suggests strengthening ongoing legal service programs and recommends the integration of medical legal education in hospital management systems and ophthalmologist professional development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Legal Service
  topic: keywords
subject: Ophthalmologist
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical Lawsuit
  topic: keywords
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-02
publication date: 2026-06-02
starting page: 3021
ending page: 3033
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1365

Selection of the Optimal Cross-Sectional Shape of Profiled Steel Decking for Steel–Concrete Composite Floor Systems
type: item
description: Steel–concrete composite floor systems incorporating profiled steel decking and cast-in-place concrete slabs are widely used in modern building construction due to their structural efficiency, reduced material consumption, and accelerated construction schedules. However, the geometric optimization of profiled decking remains insuffi-ciently investigated, particularly with regard to the influence of flange width ratios on flexural stiffness and load-bearing capacity at different stages of structural perfor-mance.This study investigates the optimal cross-sectional configuration of profiled steel decking by analyzing the relationship between the widths of the upper and lower flanges, decking height, and wave length. Analytical expressions for the centroid lo-cation and moment of inertia are derived, and optimization criteria are formulated for both the installation stage (prior to concrete hardening) and the service stage (compo-site action). The results demonstrate that maximum flexural stiffness during installa-tion is achieved when the top and bottom flange widths are equal, resulting in a sym-metric cross-section. In contrast, during the operational stage, the optimal flange width ratio depends strongly on the magnitude of the live load. Practical recommen-dations are provided for the orientation and design of asymmetric profiled decking under varying load conditions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: steel–concrete composite floors
  topic: keywords
subject: profiled steel decking
  topic: keywords
subject: cross-section optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: flexural stiffness
  topic: keywords
subject: moment of inertia
  topic: keywords
subject: flange width ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: installation stage
  topic: keywords
subject: service stage
  topic: keywords
subject: live load influence
  topic: keywords
subject: fire resistance.
  topic: keywords
creator: Qosimov To’raboy
creator: Ulugberdiev Sanjarbek Shaydullayevich
creator: Bakhriev Nuritdin Fakhritdinovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Qosimov To’raboy, Ulugberdiev Sanjarbek Shaydullayevich, Bakhriev Nuritdin Fakhritdinovich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 3015
ending page: 3020
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1364

Ownership concentration and extreme downside risk: The mediating role of landbanking in property development firms
type: item
description: This study examines how controlling ownership and landbanking intensity jointly influence firms’ exposure to extreme downside risk among publicly listed property development firms in Indonesia. The study extends the corporate governance literature by focusing on tail-risk outcomes and by identifying strategic asset allocation as an important mechanism linking ownership structure to corporate resilience. Using panel data from Indonesian listed property firms, extreme downside risk is measured by Expected Shortfall at the 5% level (ES5). Panel regression analysis is employed to test the relationships among controlling ownership, landbanking intensity and tail-risk exposure, while mediation analysis is used to assess the indirect effect of controlling ownership through landbanking decisions. The findings reveal that controlling ownership is negatively associated with both extreme downside risk and landbanking intensity, while landbanking intensity is negatively related to tail-risk exposure. Furthermore, the mediation results indicate partial mediation, suggesting that controlling shareholders strengthen firms’ resilience to severe market downturns both directly and indirectly through more disciplined landbanking strategies. These results imply that investors, managers and policymakers should jointly consider ownership structure and landbanking decisions when evaluating firms’ vulnerability to adverse market shocks. Governance mechanisms that encourage disciplined asset allocation may improve corporate resilience during periods of market stress. This study contributes to the literature by integrating corporate governance and real estate asset management in explaining firms’ exposure to extreme downside risk, and by conceptualizing landbanking as a governance-mediated real options mechanism through which ownership structures shape firm resilience.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ownership concentration
  topic: keywords
subject: landbanking
  topic: keywords
subject: extreme downside risk
  topic: keywords
subject: expected shortfall
  topic: keywords
subject: corporate governance
  topic: keywords
subject: property development firms
  topic: keywords
subject: strategic asset allocation
  topic: keywords
creator: Ardo Ryan Dwitanto
creator: Adler Haymans Manurung
creator: Nera Marinda Machdar
creator: Wastam Wahyu Hidayat
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ardo Ryan Dwitanto, Adler Haymans Manurung, Nera Marinda Machdar, Wastam Wahyu Hidayat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-26
publication date: 2026-05-26
starting page: 2999
ending page: 3014
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1362

Legal Protection Of Patients With Retinal Detachment as an Ophthalmic Emergency: A Case Study at Pasar Rebo Hospital Jakarta
type: item
description: Retinal detachment is an ophthalmic emergency that may lead to permanent blindness if not treated promptly. Early surgical intervention within 24–72 hours is crucial to preserve visual function. However, in several public hospitals in Indonesia, emergency ophthalmic treatment may be delayed due to administrative procedures and surgical waiting lists associated with the national health insurance system. This study analyzes (1) the forms of legal protection provided to patients with retinal detachment emergencies and (2) the legal responsibilities of medical personnel and hospitals in handling such cases at Pasar Rebo Hospital, Jakarta. This research employs an empirical legal research method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through interviews with ophthalmologists, patients, and hospital management, as well as through document analysis of relevant regulations, including the Indonesian Health Law No. 17 of 2023, Minister of Health Regulations, and the Indonesian Medical Code of Ethics. The findings indicate that preventive legal protection is implemented through rapid assessment procedures, informed consent, and clinical examination facilities. However, corrective legal protection remains weak due to administrative delays related to the Indonesian’s National Health Insurance (BPJS) referral system and limited surgical capacity. These delays may result in permanent macular damage and visual impairment. Medical personnel are responsible through the principle of duty of care and compliance with professional standards, while hospitals bear institutional responsibility under the concept of vicarious liability. This study concludes that although legal regulations regarding patient protection already exist, their implementation in emergency ophthalmic services remains suboptimal. Strengthening hospital emergency systems and improving administrative procedures are essential to ensure effective legal protection and patient safety in retinal detachmen…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Retinal detachment
  topic: keywords
subject: Ophthalmic emergency
  topic: keywords
subject: patient legal protection
  topic: keywords
subject: medical liability
  topic: keywords
subject: health law
  topic: keywords
subject: hospital responsibility
  topic: keywords
creator: Rakhma Indria Hapsari
creator: Hamzah Halim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rakhma Indria Hapsari, Hamzah Halim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-23
publication date: 2026-05-23
starting page: 2989
ending page: 2998
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1361

Negotiating Saharan Heritage and Modernity: An Analysis of Fernand Pouillon’s Hotels in Southern Algeria
type: item
description: The article presents a critical analysis of Fernand Pouillon's hotel work in southern Algeria, considered as a pioneering experience of contextualized modernity. It explores how the architectural, constructive, morphological, and climatic logics of Saharan vernacular are reinterpreted in a modern language, expressing a post-colonial national identity. Beyond esthetics, the study analyzes how Pouillon translates operational principles of the vernacular -compactness, thermal inertia, introversion, continuity with the site, and mineral materiality- into an architecture adapted to contemporary demands of thermal comfort, passive cooling with energy efficiency, sustainable tourism, and institutional representation. In the context of building a modern national identity after 1962, the development of an Algerian Saharan tourism was accompanied by the construction of hotel infrastructures. However, starting from the 1970s, these projects tended to align with standardized international models, often unsuitable for the local climate and dependent on mechanical air conditioning. Pouillon's approach stands out distinctly from this evolution by proposing an architecture rooted in the logics of the site and the climate. The Saharan hotels he designs are situated at the intersection of colonial legacies, modernist influences, and vernacular references, contributing to shaping the tourist image of the Algerian Sahara after independence. The comparative analysis of three emblematic hotels -El-Gourara, M’Zab, and El Djanoub- highlights common principles: topographical integration, use of local materials, organization around patios (courtyards), and creation of adapted thermal atmospheres. The methodology is based on a cross-sectional approach combining morpho-stylistic analysis and qualitative evaluation of bioclimatic systems. The results show that Pouillon's architecture is neither an imitation nor a pastiche, but a reinterpretation of the fundamental logics of the vernacular. It e…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Vernacular Saharan architecture
  topic: keywords
subject: modern regionalism
  topic: keywords
subject: Fernand Pouillon
  topic: keywords
subject: morpho-stylistic analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: bioclimatic design
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: post-colonial Algeria
  topic: keywords
creator: SAOULI Sarra
creator: SRITI Leila
creator: KAIHOUL Ahmed
creator: PITZALIS Efisio
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 SAOULI Sarra, SRITI Leila, KAIHOUL Ahmed, PITZALIS Efisio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-19
publication date: 2026-05-19
starting page: 2967
ending page: 2988
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1359

Spatial Configuration of Collective Social Housing: A Space Syntax Analysis of 1980s Housing in Biskra, Algeria
type: item
description: Since independence, social housing has been one of the cornerstones of Algeria’s urban policy. This article forms part of a doctoral research project devoted to the transformations of architectural quality in collective housing in Biskra, and examines the extent to which the first post-independence projects reflect, or obscure, local socio-cultural practices. The study focuses on three F3-type dwellings located in the 726, 830 and 1000 housing estates: these are representative of the earliest state-planned programmes after 1962. The methodology combines Space Syntax tools with both quantitative analysis (depth, connectivity, and movement distribution) and qualitative observations (visual fields and circulation patterns). The findings highlight a dual dynamic; on the one hand, the persistence of traditional devices such as the entrance vestibule reminiscent of the saqîfa and the hierarchical organisation of reception spaces, which ensure the protection of family privacy; on the other hand, the emergence of transformations linked to the standardization and rationalization imposed by state planning. This analysis sheds light on how collective housing in Biskra has attempted, with both successes and limitations, to reconcile normative constraints with cultural traditions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Collective social housing
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial configuration
  topic: keywords
subject: Space syntax
  topic: keywords
subject: Socio-cultural practices
  topic: keywords
subject: Privacy
  topic: keywords
creator: Hadjer Abderrahmani
creator: P. Hynda Boutabba
creator: Leila Sriti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hadjer Abderrahmani, Hadjer Abderrahmani, P. Hynda Boutabba, Leila Sriti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-15
publication date: 2026-05-15
starting page: 2948
ending page: 2966
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1356

Orientalism Revisited: A Critique of Western Discourses of Non-Western Development through the Postcolonial, Subaltern and Marxist Frames
type: item
description: This paper offers a critical examination of the intersection between Edward Said's concept of Orientalism and Western perceptions of development in Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa (MENA). Through a qualitative textual analysis of key literature in Orientalism and development studies, this research deconstructs the prevailing discourses that sustain Western-centric views of development in these regions. Drawing on Said's foundational work, Orientalism (1978), this study identifies and interrogates the power dynamics, stereotypes, and cultural essentialisms that inform Western representations of development in Asia and the MENA region. Employing a critical discourse analysis (CDA) approach, the research scrutinizes a corpus of texts—including academic articles, policy documents, and literary works—to address the central arguments and key assumptions of Orientalism. The analysis focuses on narratives that reinforce Orientalist tropes, marginalize indigenous perspectives, and legitimize Western dominance in development discourse. By juxtaposing Western development narratives with counter-narratives, this study reveals the epistemological tensions and power asymmetries that shape development policies and perceptions. The findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of the complex interplay between Orientalism and Western perceptions of development, underscoring the need for decolonial and inclusive approaches.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Orientalism
  topic: keywords
subject: Marxism
  topic: keywords
subject: postcolonialism
  topic: keywords
subject: critical discourse analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: M Dhakchayani
creator: N. Sathiyarajan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 2948
ending page: 2955
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1352

Evaluating the Approaches of Accessible Design in the Concept of Ideal City: A Case Study of Ankara
type: item
description: This study aims to understand whether disabled individuals who reside in Cankaya, Ankara face any accessibility issues using scientific methods and techniques. Qualitative research method was used in this study, and data was collected through interviews. The study group consisted of 18 disabled individuals, including 6 orthopedic, 6 hearing, and 6 visually impaired individuals. The raw data obtained from the participants were evaluated and analyzed under seven different categories, which aimed to understand the accessibility in physical environment, public buildings, social aid, decision-making centers, employment, education, and health. The research findings indicate that some improvements have been made in the categories of "physical environment" accessibility, "public buildings" accessibility, accessibility to "social aids," "decision-making centers" accessibility, "health," "employment," and "education" sectors since the implementation of Law No. 5378 in 2005, but some problems still persist. Disabled individuals living in Cankaya, Ankara, face barriers due to erroneous and deficient physical environment designs, experience problems in the exterior and interior areas of public buildings, are unable to access decision-making centers, have inadequate consultation with their opinions and knowledge, are excluded from employment due to prejudices, and face accessibility issues in education and health. In other words, accessibility issues have become a barrier to disabled individuals, leading to a decrease in their living standards. As a result, it is understood that disabled individuals cannot participate in social life, achieve satisfaction in many areas such as education, health, and employment, and benefit from basic services sufficiently without solving the accessibility problem. Unless it is possible to access the services in question without any obstacles, the reforms and regulations made will remain only on paper. Therefore, the primary issue awaiting a soluti…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ideal city
  topic: keywords
subject: disabled individuals
  topic: keywords
subject: accessible design
  topic: keywords
subject: Ankara
  topic: keywords
subject: Cankaya
  topic: keywords
creator: Yusef CHEBİB
creator: Ufuk Fatih KUCUKALİ
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yusef CHEBİB, Ufuk Fatih KUCUKALİ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-12
publication date: 2026-04-12
starting page: 2928
ending page: 2947
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1343

Abstractive Text Summarization using LSTM, GLOVE, and TensorFlow
type: item
description: Automatic Text summarization (ATS) is a fundamental task in NLP (natural-language-processing), aimed at generating concise and coherent summaries of longer texts. In this study, we investigate the use of deep-learning techniques, with a focus on LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) neural networks, Global Vectors used in Word Representation (GLOVE) embeddings, and the TensorFlow framework, for abstractive text summarization.Our approach leverages the power of LSTM networks to capture sequential dependencies in the input text, enabling the generation of abstractions that extend beyond simple sentence extraction. GLOVE embeddings are used to denote the words in a constant vector space, thereby improving the model's comprehension of semantic relationships between words. TensorFlow provides the computational framework for efficient model training and deployment.We perform experiments on diverse datasets to assess the execution of our abstractive text summarization model. Our findings demonstrate that integrating LSTM, GloVe embeddings, and TensorFlow significantly enhances the quality and fluency of generated summaries compared to traditional extractive summarization approaches.This study contributes to the development of abstractive text summarization techniques, offering a promising approach to distill important details from textual data automatically. Furthermore, the use of open-source tools like TensorFlow makes our model accessible and adaptable for many different applications in the field of natural language processing.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Abstractive Summarization
  topic: keywords
subject: LSTM
  topic: keywords
subject: Glove
  topic: keywords
subject: TensorFlow
  topic: keywords
subject: Natural Language Processing
  topic: keywords
subject: Text Summarization
  topic: keywords
creator: Neeraj Kumar Sirohi
creator: Mamta Bansal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Neeraj Kumar Sirohi, Mamta Bansal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-21
publication date: 2025-12-21
starting page: 2914
ending page: 2927
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1342

Methods for Selecting Building Materials: A Comparative Analytical Study
type: item
description: The process of selecting building materials is one of the most important steps in architectural design. The selection process is at the core of the design process and is critical to the long-term success of an engineering project. Therefore, architects try to follow the best and most suitable methods to select building materials that match the design criteria. When selecting building materials, many criteria are related to building performance, environmental considerations, cost effectiveness, and aesthetic considerations must be taken into consideration. This research paper provides a brief overview of the methods that can be used to select building materials for architectural design. It analyzes these methods and compares them to identify the capabilities of each method and its application areas with the aim of helping architects and designers make choices that achieve the best building performance, considering criteria such as environmental impact, cost-effectiveness, and aesthetic considerations. The study results indicated that the significance of the methods for selecting building materials varies depending on the project's objectives.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Building materials
  topic: keywords
subject: Design criteria
  topic: keywords
subject: Architectural design
  topic: keywords
subject: methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Material selection.
  topic: keywords
creator: Bara’a Emaduldeen Alkasar
creator: Hafedh Abed Yahya
creator: Muna Hanim Abdul Samad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bara’a Emaduldeen Alkasar, Hafedh Abed Yahya, Muna Hanim Abdul Samad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-08
publication date: 2026-04-08
starting page: 2904
ending page: 2913
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1341

Assessing the Effectiveness of Urban Intensification as an Approach to Social Sustainability in Algerian Cities: An Analytical Study Integrating GIS-AHP in the City of Bou Saâda
type: item
description: Urban planning in Algerian cities is increasingly confronted with challenges arising from haphazard urban sprawl, which has adversely affected social cohesion and the efficiency of public services. This study aims to evaluate the role of urban intensification strategies in fostering social sustainability, focusing on three fundamental dimensions: accessibility, urban diversity, and proximity. Taking the city of Bou Saâda as a case study, the research adopts a mixed-methods approach that integrates spatial analysis via Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assess four neighborhoods of varying densities. The study relies on a survey of 372 valid samples (93% response rate), supplemented by spatial data regarding road networks and service distribution. The AHP results demonstrate a clear superiority for high-density, mixed-use planning; the "Administrative District" (Le Quartier Administratif) led the social sustainability index with a score of (0.87), followed by the "Sidi Slimane" neighborhood (0.82), while low-density areas such as "Moufdi Zakaria" recorded the lowest indices (0.35). The study concludes that deliberate intensification—which prioritizes reducing access distances (less than 300 meters) and increasing the functional mix index (above 0.70)—serves as an effective tool for achieving social equity and enhancing the quality of life in medium-sized cities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Urban Intensification
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban Sprawl
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban Diversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Proximity
  topic: keywords
subject: Accessibility.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ilyas Moussai
creator: Lahcene Feloussia
creator: Elhadj Benkhaled
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ilyas Moussai, Lahcene Feloussia, Elhadj Benkhaled https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-27
publication date: 2026-03-27
starting page: 2894
ending page: 2903
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1339

Biophilic Design Principles in Library Interiors: A Proposal for a Conceptual Design Guide
type: item
description: As urbanization, digitalization, and prolonged indoor occupancy increasingly weaken human contact with nature, biophilic design has emerged as a significant approach for improving the environmental quality of learning spaces. Although a growing body of research has examined the cognitive, psychological, and experiential benefits of biophilic environments, studies focusing specifically on library interiors remain limited. Addressing this gap, this study investigates how biophilic design principles become spatially visible in contemporary library interiors and how these principles can be systematized into a conceptual design guide. The research adopts a qualitative multiple case study method and examines four contemporary libraries selected from different geographical and cultural contexts: Library in the Earth (Japan), Calgary Central Library (Canada), Seashore Library (China), and Austin Central Library (USA). The cases were analysed through thematic visual and spatial interpretation based on established biophilic design frameworks. The findings reveal that natural light, visual connection with nature, materiality, prospect–refuge balance, and spatial transition strategies are the most consistent biophilic components across the cases, although their expression varies according to context. Based on these findings, the study proposes a conceptual design guide for library interiors. The article contributes to the biophilic design literature by offering a library-specific, design-oriented framework for future practice.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biophilic design
  topic: keywords
subject: Library interiors
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning environments
  topic: keywords
subject: User experience
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental comfort
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Conceptual design guide
  topic: keywords
creator: Gaukhar Yespolova
creator: Dilek Yasar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gaukhar Yespolova, Dilek Yasar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-03
publication date: 2026-04-03
starting page: 2879
ending page: 2893
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1337

Post-implementation evaluation of urban street lighting using LED lighting units: a multi-criteria decision analysis methodology
type: item
description: Global shifts towards LED street lighting aim to prioritise energy efficiency and cost reduction. Still, systematic post-implementation evaluations that integrate heritage preservation, cultural sensitivity, and morphological diversity remain underrepresented in the scientific literature, particularly in Mediterranean heritage urban contexts where organic medieval architectural forms, UNESCO heritage classifications, and traditional cultural practices create implementation complexities absent in modern, architecturally designed environments. This study provides a comprehensive post-implementation assessment of the conversion of street lighting to LED across five distinct urban contexts in terms of form and culture in the urban centre of the municipality of Central Algiers, Algeria, where an integrated methodology based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was developed and documented, designed explicitly for heritage-sensitive assessment. Data collection involved systematic protocols that included field light measurements in accordance with EN 13201-4:2015 with modifications for irregular heritage forms, structured expert assessments using documented AHP frameworks that achieved a consistency ratio of 0.07, culturally adapted community surveys, heritage-adjusted lighting energy consumption index (LENI) calculations according to EN 15193-1:2017, and spatial analysis using Moran's I with Monte Carlo substitutions. The study revealed significant contextual sensitivity in LED integration with the urban form, with the latter accounting for 44.5% of the variance in implementation success. It demonstrated that setting a uniform colour temperature of 4000 K led to fundamental incompatibility in heritage contexts, with a dissatisfaction rate of 73%, directly contradicting the pedestrian-preferred range, which was empirically verified at 2,700-3,200 K. Energy performance showed significant reductions ranging from 35.6% to 48.2% acro…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Post-implementation evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Colour temperature optimisation
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS-AHP
  topic: keywords
subject: LED street lighting
  topic: keywords
subject: LENI energy assessment
  topic: keywords
creator: ZAHAF Elamine
creator: NOUIBAT brahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 ZAHAF Elamine, NOUIBAT brahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-26
publication date: 2026-02-26
starting page: 2864
ending page: 2878
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1336

Measuring Visual Pollution in Individual Housing in Bou Saâda, Algeria: A Comparative Study of Four Urban Patterns Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
type: item
description: Visual pollution is an escalating urban-environmental challenge that has attracted growing scholarly attention in urban planning and built environment research, particularly in developing cities undergoing rapid and largely unregulated spatial transformation. This study measures the variation in visual pollution levels across four residential neighborhoods representing distinct urban patterns in the semi-arid context of Bou Saâda, Algeria: the Traditional Quarter (Ksar), the Colonial District (Le Plateau), the Modern Planned Settlement (110 Dwellings), and the Informal Settlement (Sidi Slimane). The Multi-Criteria Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied following Saaty's protocol, complemented by a systematic field survey and in-depth expert interviews with specialists in urbanism and environmental planning.A comprehensive hierarchical evaluation framework was developed, comprising 30 criteria—10 shared across all patterns and 20 pattern-specific—alongside 275 indicators assessed on a 0–5 scale. The total observed visual pollution reached 1,975 points. Results revealed a pronounced divergence among the four patterns: the Informal Settlement ranked highest by a substantial margin (711 points, 36.00%), followed by the Traditional Quarter (439 points, 22.23%), the Planned Settlement (416 points, 21.06%), and the Colonial District (409 points, 20.71%). The absence of green spaces emerged as the most heavily weighted shared criterion (14.03%), followed by unfinished buildings (9.83%). Pearson correlation analysis further demonstrated that visual pollution operates as a tightly interconnected structural system, with correlation coefficients exceeding r = 0.80 in the majority of cases. The study concludes with a phased, evidence-based roadmap for improving visual landscape quality in comparable Algerian cities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Visual Pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
  topic: keywords
subject: Pearson Correlation Coefficient
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban Patterns
  topic: keywords
subject: Residential Environment
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban Landscape Quality
  topic: keywords
creator: Ouggad Elhoucine
creator: Nouibat Brahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ouggad Elhoucine, Nouibat Brahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-04
publication date: 2026-03-04
starting page: 2847
ending page: 2863
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1335

Digital Trade 2.0: How Emerging Technologies (AI, IoT, and 5G) Are Redefining the Global Exchange of Goods and Services
type: item
description: This paper explores the Chinese digital service trade (DST) and examines its competitiveness through Porters Diamond Model considering the latest developments in technologies, such as the 5G network, Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI). Through multidimensional indices (Revealed Comparative Advantage, Trade Competitiveness, Market Share, Michaely Fluctuation Index) and Entropy-TOPSIS method, we identify the impact of trade freedom, government efficiency, digital infrastructure, and industry openness on DST competitiveness. The findings indicate that China has an escalating degree of competition because of the robust digital foundation and trade incorporation, and integration of trade and DST exports has a high positive long-run enhancement to the growth of the importing countries. The research fills the significant gaps in the existing research on the role of digital trade rules and technology to determine the effects of global trade, particularly in developing markets. Examples such as the USMCA and the DEPA show that the fragmentation of regulations due to the current debate on whether goods or services ought to be classified as digital transmissions is hindering global governance initiatives. Our study offers a policy recourse to developing countries that seek to reduce institutional barriers and enhance competitiveness by adopting digital trade rule-making and digital investments in infrastructure, which will lead to inclusive growth in international trade.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Trade
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Trade Competitiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: Industrial growth
  topic: keywords
creator: Kenneth Baayeh
creator: Idris Oyewale Oyelakin
creator: Anthony Aubynn
creator: Doris Enimil
creator: Isaac Yeboah
creator: Waris Ali Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 2835
ending page: 2846
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1331

The role of references transformations in architecture design creativity
type: item
description: This research aims to demonstrate the effect of the method adopted by the architectural designer to employ the reference in generating the architectural product, which may be an imitative product or an innovative product. The field of study focuses on the references and design methods that influence the nature of architectural production and imitation and innovation in architecture. In the midst of this confusion in the design output of contemporary architecture, the problem of this research emerges in exploring the references that generate imitational outputs and the references that generate innovative outputs in architecture. To achieve this, the study has set two objectives: The first is what is the reference for generating the design concept? The second is what is the method that the designer relies on towards the reference to generate the design concept? The study adopted the qualitative analysis approach of building shapes to achieve the first objective and the qualitative inferential approach using the pre-structured interview method with a selected number of architectural experts to verify the second objective. The results of the study were summarized as follows: The most widely used methods for generating traditional ideas for architectural production is the imitation method, which relies on imitate and replicating references from within the field of architecture, while the metaphor method is used to generate innovative ideas for architectural production, which relies on abstracting and modifying references from outside the field of architecture.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Architectural design
  topic: keywords
subject: design concept
  topic: keywords
subject: reference design
  topic: keywords
subject: transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: imitation
  topic: keywords
subject: creativity.
  topic: keywords
creator: Rahma Waleed Hashim
creator: Hafedh Abed Yahya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rahma Waleed Hashim, Hafedh Abed Yahya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-27
publication date: 2026-03-27
starting page: 2825
ending page: 2834
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1330

Guidelines for Enhancing Lifelong Learning for Chinese Students Studying in Thailand
type: item
description: The global landscape of higher education has witnessed a significant surge in international student mobility, with Chinese students representing the largest cohort worldwide. Thailand has emerged as an increasingly attractive destination for these students, particularly between 2023 and 2025. This article synthesizes existing literature and analytical findings to propose practical guidelines for enhancing lifelong learning (LLL) among Chinese students in Thailand. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks such as Andragogy, Social Cognitive Theory, Acculturation Theory, and Human Capital Theory, the paper identifies key facilitators and barriers to LLL engagement. The proposed guidelines offer actionable recommendations for Thai higher education institutions, Chinese students, and policymakers, aiming to foster a robust LLL mindset, cultivate essential skills, and maximize the overall benefits of their international educational experience.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Lifelong Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Chinese Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Thailand
  topic: keywords
subject: International Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Guidelines
  topic: keywords
subject: Andragogy
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Cognitive Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Acculturation Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Capital Theory.
  topic: keywords
creator: Theerapong Budsarakoon
creator: Kasinee Sokhuma
creator: Samrerng Onsamphan
creator: Walton Wider
creator: Wanting Zeng
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Theerapong Budsarakoon, Kasinee Sokhuma, Samrerng Onsamphan, Walton Wider, Wanting Zeng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-26
publication date: 2026-03-26
starting page: 2816
ending page: 2824
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1328

Land Conflicts and Social Insecurity in the Municipality of Kpele 1 in the Face of Sustainability Challenges in Togo
type: item
description: In the commune of Kpélé 1 in south-western Togo, land is considered, according to social norms, to be a shared inheritance. The community therefore establishes rules to specify the use, sharing and transfer of this precious asset among all members. Belonging to the ancestors, the first occupants, the land is passed on in various forms to descendants, adopted foreigners or buyers. The availability of land and its exploitation according to customary rules have long been the basis for cohabitation and peaceful coexistence between several social groups. However, it has become the subject of controversy and conflict with the deterioration of social ties and family breakdown due to the monetisation of society and the decline of the collectivist spirit. This research aims to highlight the issues at stake, to understand the traditional and modern rationales that contextualise conflicts, and to identify endogenous and exogenous resolution mechanisms in the face of the challenges of lasting peace and social cohesion. The results show that several factors contribute to land conflicts, ranging from urban dynamics to historical and legal factors. In addition, conflicts are complex, and their resolution depends on the level of categorisation. It is therefore necessary to disseminate the legal framework based on the Land and State Property Code and to organise interviews and awareness-raising sessions with all stakeholders to promote social cohesion and peace, which are key to sustainable development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Land conflict
  topic: keywords
subject: social cohesion
  topic: keywords
subject: Land and Property Code
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability Kpélé 1
  topic: keywords
creator: DOTSU Yawo Mawufe
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-25
publication date: 2026-03-25
starting page: 2806
ending page: 2815
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1326

Flood Risk Analysis in Şanlıurfa City Centre
type: item
description: In recent years, Turkey has become a place where loss of life and property due to natural disasters has increased. The rise in losses, particularly from floods, stems from construction in riverbeds and poor planning decisions. One of the most recent examples is the flood that occurred in the city center of Şanlıurfa, one of Turkey's major cities, on March 15, 2023, which resulted in the loss of 17 lives and material losses. The study gained importance because land use decisions in the city center of Şanlıurfa, which was selected as the study area, were made without considering flood risk, increasing the potential for sudden rainfall to turn into floods. To this end, the urban development of Şanlıurfa was examined in terms of flood risk, and the Süleymaniye and Göl neighborhoods, which have the highest potential for impact, were examined in detail. The flood risk analysis map, created using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods, shows that risk increases in areas close to rivers, with high rainfall, and dense construction. According to the risk analysis map, approximately 32% of the study area consists of low-risk areas, 62% of medium-risk areas, and 6% of high-risk areas. In areas where flood risk cannot be prevented, it is recommended that existing structures be evacuated or demolished based on their risk status, and that settlement in safer areas identified in place of risky structures be encouraged.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Land Use
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban Plans
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Analytic Hierarchy Process
  topic: keywords
subject: Flood Risk Analysis.
  topic: keywords
creator: Osman NASANLI
creator: Devrim Türkan Kejanlı
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Osman NASANLI, Devrim Türkan Kejanlı https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-25
publication date: 2026-03-25
starting page: 665
ending page: 691
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1325

Spatial Analysis of Flood Risk in Manavgat
type: item
description: The number of natural disasters is increasing day by day due to climate change and pop-ulation growth. Disasters increase loss of life and property when city plans are prepared without sufficient consideration and land use decisions are made. In 2010, 2014 and 2021, floods in Antalya caused significant material losses in many districts. In recent years, in-creasing floods in the city centre of Manavgat, Antalya, have caused economic losses and expanded their area of impact. In this context, the aim of this study is to analyse the rela-tionship between land use and floods in Manavgat using the Analytical Hierarchy Pro-cess (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, thereby offering rec-ommendations for risk reduction. The study covers the identification of areas at risk of flooding and the development of settlement proposals for these areas. An analysis map has been prepared within this scope. Risk increases in low-altitude agricultural areas and urban areas with high rainfall, while it decreases in areas with low rainfall, high altitude and forested areas. Therefore, land use should be planned according to scientific and geo-graphical data, construction should be restricted in hazardous areas, permeable surfaces should be increased, and the destruction of forested areas should be prevented
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Urban land use
  topic: keywords
subject: Flood risk
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: AHP
  topic: keywords
creator: Osman Nasanlı
creator: Devrim Türkan Kejanlı
creator: Nurullah Tan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Osman Nasanlı, Devrim Türkan Kejanlı, Nurullah Tan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-25
publication date: 2026-03-25
starting page: 692
ending page: 712
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1324

Distinguishing Manuel Panselinos from Michael Astrapas and Eutychios: A CIELAB Color Analysis of 13th Century Macedonian School Frescoes
type: item
description: The chromatic analysis of frescoes using the CIELAB method represents a novel, non-destructive approach for the preliminary study of an artist, based on the colorimetric analysis of their work as a whole. By employing sophisticated mathematical relationships, this method reveals an artist's color preferences and tendencies, which appear to be unique to each individual. Quantifying these preferences through CIELAB analysis allows for the establishment of a personal "color identity" expressed through stochastic mathematical relations. Consequently, the effective disclosure of these chromatic profiles requires the analysis of a sufficient number of representative images. Applying these principles to a case study of two prominent 13th-century masters of the Macedonian School, Manuel Panselinos and the Michael Astrapas and Eutychios, this research demonstrated a strong, individual linear correlation between the chromatic variable ΔC∗ and the variable Δb∗ in their respective paintings. This linear relationship serves as a unique chromatic property for each painter, constituting a distinct "color signature." The establishment of a comprehensive database utilizing the CIELAB method to register these chromatic signatures could prove invaluable for the attribution of unsigned works. This potential was validated in the present study, which confirmed the hypothesis that Panselinos was the artist responsible for the unsigned frescoes in the Chapel of Saint Efthymios in Thessaloniki. Ultimately, the creation of a global CIELAB-based chromatic database for artists and their frescoes would significantly facilitate the further study and authentication of Byzantine monumental painting.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Art
  topic: keywords
subject: CIELab Colorimetric Method
  topic: keywords
subject: Macedonian Hagiography School
  topic: keywords
subject: Panselinos M.
  topic: keywords
subject: Astrapas M.
  topic: keywords
creator: Antigoni Vlisidi
creator: Apostolos Vlyssides
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Antigoni Vlisidi, Hamdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 2790
ending page: 2805
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1322

The Daily Dispatch’s construction of criminal attacks on tourists in Eastern Cape, South Africa
type: item
description: The Eastern Cape ranks among South Africa’s top tourism destinations. The province offers attractive landscapes, untamed Wild Coast beaches and pristine surfing spots. Millions of domestic and international tourists visit Eastern Cape annually. Tourism is Eastern Cape’s nerve centre generating revenue for its economy and thousands of jobs for locals. However, Eastern Cape has witnessed a surge in criminal attacks against tourists. This threatens its destination image with disastrous ramifications for its economy and a society reliant on tourism for survival. Extant scholarship examines how foreign media have reported on crime in South Africa, especially towards the 2010 FIFA World Cup, which the country hosted. Literature examining how the domestic press has mediated crime in tourism is scarce. Through this qualitative case study, we attend this lacuna by examining how Daily Dispatch constructed attacks on tourists in Eastern Cape and the implications on destination image. Data gathered through digital archival research were subjected to a framing analysis. Findings reveal that whereas Daily Dispatch depicted the attacks as a threat to Eastern Cape’s provincial economy and flagged poor policing, it primed grassroot anti-crime mechanisms inclusive of community neighbourhood watch as among a cocktail of measures guaranteeing safety for tourists. Such contextualised editorialization enabled Daily Dispatch to deftly mediate a sensitive subject intersecting tourism, crime and journalism.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: South Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: crime
  topic: keywords
subject: tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: economy
  topic: keywords
subject: image
  topic: keywords
subject: media
  topic: keywords
creator: Takunda Maodza
creator: Emihle Mbangatha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Takunda Maodza, Emihle Mbangatha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 2781
ending page: 2789
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1318

Strategic Management of Urban Heritage and Sustainable Development in Touat Region of Algeria
type: item
description: The Touat region of Algeria contains a worldwide important collection of earthen buildings which includes its ancient Ksour and its Casbahs. The area experiences an immediate governance emergency because urban development outpaces planning efforts which threatens the cultural heritage site. The research applies MACTOR (Matrix of Alliances and Conflicts: Tactics, Objectives, and Recommendations) strategic analysis tool to analyze how various actors and their objectives affect the evolution of urban areas. The research study reveals six essential players who work toward six essential goals which show how local governments and business developers control the area while pushing out the people who originally protected the cultural heritage. The research establishes numerical positions for actors which show a powerful conflict between their present financial targets and their required environmental protection efforts. The research results demonstrate that organizations need to establish an entirely different governance system. The research establishes a strategic development plan which uses the "Golden Equation" to achieve sustainability through three main elements that include multi-stakeholder collaboration and heritage economic value creation and compulsory urban planning regulations for earthen architecture. The proposed model functions as a testing model which can be applied in the Gourrara and Tidikelt region.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Touat region
  topic: keywords
subject: Heritage
  topic: keywords
subject: safeguarding
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban development
  topic: keywords
subject: Ksar
  topic: keywords
subject: Key actors
  topic: keywords
subject: MACTOR tool.
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdelmalek Abdelaoui
creator: Mohamed Hocine Ait Saadi
creator: Mohamed Benabdelfattah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Abdelmalek Abdelaoui, Mohamed Hocine Ait Saadi, Mohamed Benabdelfattah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
starting page: 2770
ending page: 2780
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1317

The Caliph’s Feudalism and the Sultan’s Feudalism: Theory and Practice According to the Orientalist Poliak
type: item
description: This study explains the nature of the relationship between the feudalism (land grant) of the caliph and that of the sultan during the Mamluk era, which reflected a form of political duality in the structure of governance. The caliph retained symbolic status and religious legitimacy, while actual authority and control over resources and lands shifted to the sultan. Whereas in earlier periods caliphs themselves granted iqṭāʿs, in the Mamluk era the caliph received a fixed iqṭāʿ determined by the sultan. This gradually transformed into a financial allocation, closer to a salary, without conferring administrative influence or direct authority over the management of those lands.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Feudalism
  topic: keywords
subject: Poliak
  topic: keywords
subject: Caliph
  topic: keywords
subject: Sultan
  topic: keywords
creator: Wafaa Adnan Hamid
creator: Saja Ali Saleh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Wafaa Adnan Hamid, Saja Ali Saleh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-13
publication date: 2026-02-13
starting page: 2762
ending page: 2769
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1314

Strengthening Employee Performance Through Sustainable HRM: Examining the Moderating Role of Individual Culture
type: item
description: This study aims to analyse the influence of employee engagement, employee communication, attitude, transformational leadership, and Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) Learning on employee performance and its implications for Sustainable Human Resource Management, with employee culture as a moderating variable. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The research population consists of managerial-level employees (leaders to managers) at companies in West Java who participated in the ‘X’ Job Training Institute (LPK) training programme, with a total of 360 respondents. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results showed that employee engagement, employee communication, transformational leadership, and NLP learning had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, while attitude had no significant effect. Furthermore, employee performance, employee engagement, attitude, transformational leadership, and NLP learning have a positive and significant effect on sustainable HRM, while employee communication does not have a significant effect. Additionally, employee culture acts as a moderating variable in the effect of employee engagement, employee communication, and transformational leadership on employee performance, as well as attitude and transformational. This study contributes theoretically by integrating individual factors, organizational factors, and NLP Learning into a comprehensive Sustainable HRM framework. Practically, the findings provide valuable insights for organizations and training institutions in designing more effective and Sustainable human resource development strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Employee Engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Culture
  topic: keywords
subject: NLP Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable HRM.
  topic: keywords
creator: Lisna Nurpida
creator: Nera Marinda
creator: Hadita .
creator: Zahara Tussoleha Rony
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lisna Nurpida, Nera Marinda, Hadita ., Zahara Tussoleha Rony https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
starting page: 2747
ending page: 2761
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1312

Improving Regional Sports Performance through a Governance Lens: An Analysis of Sports Governance in Lamongan Regency
type: item
description: This study examines how sport governance contributes to improving regional athletic performance through a case study of Lamongan Regency. Employing a qualitative case-study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, policy document analysis, and limited observation, and were analyzed using Creswell’s qualitative analysis procedures. The analytical framework draws on Henry and Lee’s sport governance model—systemic governance, organizational governance, and political governance—engaged in dialogue with contemporary governance and public administration scholarship. The findings indicate that regional sport performance is shaped by the simultaneous interaction of these three governance dimensions. The study shows that weak cross-sectoral integration, particularly between sport and education, constrains the effectiveness of systemic governance; unequal internal participation undermines organizational governance; and misaligned political commitments among key actors impede the translation of political support into performance outcomes. The study’s novelty lies in advancing the concept of performance-oriented sport governance at the subnational level, emphasizing cross-sectoral integration, balanced organizational participation, and aligned political governance as prerequisites for sustaining performance improvements. This study contributes to public administration and sport governance research and offers policy implications for strengthening subnational sport governance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: sport governance
  topic: keywords
subject: athletic performance
  topic: keywords
subject: subnational governance
  topic: keywords
subject: public administration
  topic: keywords
subject: sport policy
  topic: keywords
creator: Erwin Sulistya Pambudi
creator: Agus Suryono
creator: Mochammad Rozikin
creator: Ainul Hayat
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Erwin Sulistya Pambudi, Agus Suryono, Mochammad Rozikin, Ainul Hayat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-12
publication date: 2026-03-12
starting page: 2739
ending page: 2746
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1310

The Impact of Map-Based Worksheet Implementation on Spatial Thinking Skills in Social Sciences Subjects
type: item
description: This study aims to examine the impact of implementing map-based worksheets on students' spatial thinking skills in Social Studies (IPS). The method used was quantitative with a two-group post-test only experimental design. This study was conducted at SMP Plus Al Fatimah Bojonegoro, Indonesia. The study sample consisted of two groups: an experimental group that used map-based worksheets and a control group that was not given the treatment. Data were collected through spatial thinking tests administered before and after the implementation of map-based worksheets. The results of the analysis using the Independent t-test showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p = 0.002), with the experimental group showing a better increase in spatial thinking skills. The validity and reliability of the instruments used in this study also showed excellent results, and the prerequisite tests (normality and homogeneity of variance) met the requirements for the Independent t-test. This study concludes that the implementation of map-based worksheets is effective in improving students' spatial thinking skills in IPS learning, and it is recommended to implement it more widely in learning at school.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Worksheet
  topic: keywords
subject: Map
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial thinking.
  topic: keywords
creator: Armawati Hidayati
creator: Rusijono .
creator: Fajar Arianto
creator: Sukma Perdana Prasetya
creator: Nurul Mazidah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Armawati Hidayati, Rusijono ., Fajar Arianto, Sukma Perdana Prasetya, Nurul Mazidah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-11
publication date: 2026-03-11
starting page: 2731
ending page: 2738
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1307

Seismic Performance of an Earth Dam Strengthened with HDPE Geogrids by Finite Element Analysis
type: item
description: Earth dams constructed in seismic areas are very susceptible to the strong ground shaking, particularly when in near-full reservoir conditions that cause increase of system requirement through hydro-mechanical interaction. The present article studies the dynamic response of Al-Adhaim Dam during El-Centro earthquake record (PGA = 0.30 g) at full reservoir level (EL = 143 m) with and without buttressing from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geogrid during its service life. A fully coupled flow–deformation finite-element formulation was used for the analysis of the seismic displacement, acceleration amplification, stress redistribution, pore-pressure response, seepage behavior and overall stability. Results show that the unretrofitted dam undergoes large seismic-induced deformations of 0.33 m and peak crest acceleration amplifications up to 0.78 g, which result in a well FOS<1.0), indicating an unstable condition due to seismic loading. After reinforcement, the maximum displacements at the critical downstream zone are decreased by over 97% (from ~0.30 m to 8 × 10⁻³ m), whereas the factor of safety increases to stabilized values in the range between 1.69 and 1.83 for all reinforcements conditions. A one-way ANOVA test indicates that both reduction of the displacement (p < 10⁻⁴) and improving factor of safety (p < 10⁻⁴) are statistically significant, indicating that these improvements do not result from numerical variability but are due to the mechanical effect contributed by geogrid system. The stress analysis shows that the level of confinement in downstream shell is increased while pore pressure response and seepage pattern become constant without any ill effect from the reinforcement. All these results prove that HDPE geogrid reinforcement has been an effective and statistically proved approach for reinforcing and improving the seismic resistance of earth dams under extremely strong ground motion, which provides a reliable theoretical basis for seismic strengthening …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Numerical Modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: Earth dams
  topic: keywords
subject: Earthquake
  topic: keywords
subject: Al-Adhaim Dam
  topic: keywords
subject: HDPE
  topic: keywords
creator: Iman Hameed Al-Shahrastani
creator: Atheer Zaki Al-Qaisi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-10
publication date: 2026-03-10
starting page: 2731
ending page: 2744
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1304

Spatial Justice and Urban Mobility Governance: Reconstructing the Policy Framework for Resolving Fatal Traffic Accidents in Indonesian Metropolitan Areas
type: item
description: This study examines the intersection between spatial justice, urban mobility governance, and criminal justice policy in the context of fatal traffic accidents in Indonesian metropolitan areas. Deaths resulting from road accidents represent a critical failure of the built environment management system. Yet, the applicable regulatory framework treats them solely as criminal matters without considering spatial, infrastructural, and community dimensions. Using a post-positivist normative legal research approach supplemented by empirical data from four metropolitan police jurisdictions (Polda Metro Jaya, Polres Brebes, Polres Blora, and Polres Semarang), this study analyzes how the retributive orientation of Indonesian traffic accident regulations creates spatial injustice by severing the link between case resolution and the urban communities where the harm occurred. The findings reveal three critical governance gaps: (1) the absolute prohibition of restorative resolution in Article 235 of the Road Traffic Law contradicts the urban governance paradigm that prioritizes community-based conflict resolution; (2) institutional fragmentation between the police, prosecutors, courts, and transportation agencies results in spatially uneven justice; and (3) transactional legal culture reduces the restorative process to financial compensation that is detached from the spatial and social context of the affected community. This study proposes a regulatory reconstruction that integrates the principles of restorative justice into the framework of urban mobility governance. These findings contribute to the interdisciplinary discourse on spatial justice, urban governance, and the social dimensions of mobility infrastructure.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Spatial Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban Mobility Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Restorative Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Traffic Accident Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Built Environment
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban Infrastructure Governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Joko Kiky Wantono
creator: Sri Endah Wahyuningsih
creator: Jawade Hafidz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Joko Kiky Wantono, Sri Endah Wahyuningsih, Jawade Hafidz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
starting page: 2723
ending page: 2730
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1302

Sustainable HRM is Influenced by Kaizen-Based HR with Multiple Mediation and Moderated by Employee Experience
type: item
description: Sustainable Human Resource Management (Sustainable HRM) has emerged as a strategic approach that integrates economic, social, and environmental objectives into organizational HR practices. However, empirical evidence explaining how internal HR mechanisms contribute to Sustainable HRM, particularly within training institutions and cross-sector companies, remains limited. This study aims to examine the influence of a Kaizen-based HR reward system on Sustainable HRM through multiple mediation mechanisms involving employee commitment, employee culture, situational leadership, and employee performance, while also testing the moderating role of employee experience. Using a quantitative explanatory design, data were collected from managerial-level employees across companies in West Java that collaborate with vocational training institutions (LPK “X”). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze direct, indirect, and moderating effects within the proposed integrative framework. The findings indicate that the reward system significantly influences employee commitment, employee culture, and situational leadership. Employee performance plays a crucial mediating role in strengthening Sustainable HRM implementation. Furthermore, employee experience moderates several relationships within the model, particularly in strengthening the linkage between behavioral factors and performance outcomes. This study contributes theoretically by extending Sustainable HRM literature through the integration of Goal Setting Theory and Kaizen-based HR practices into a comprehensive structural model. Practically, the results provide strategic guidance for organizations in designing adaptive reward systems and fostering sustainable employee development. The findings also offer policy implications for training institutions seeking to enhance long-term workforce sustainability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sustainable HRM
  topic: keywords
subject: Reward System
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Commitment
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Situational Leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Experience
  topic: keywords
subject: Kaizen-based HR.
  topic: keywords
creator: Sugiyono .
creator: Nera Marinda Machdar
creator: Hadita .
creator: Zahara Tussoleha Rony
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sugiyono ., Nera Marinda Machdar, Hadita ., Zahara Tussoleha Rony https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
starting page: 2711
ending page: 2722
doi: 10.62754/ais.v7i1.1301