Architectural Image Studies (E-ISSN:2184-8645) is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal that explores the visual, cultural, technological, social, economic, and managerial dimensions of architecture. Adopting a multidisciplinary perspective, AIS brings together architecture, urban studies, economics, management, heritage, arts, social sciences, and digital technologies to understand how the built environment is conceived, represented, experienced, governed, and sustained. We believe architecture is more than form and function — it is a cultural and economic asset, shaped by complex interactions between design, policy, markets, communities, and technology. AIS publishes original research articles, theoretical explorations, visual essays, practice-based case studies, and critical reviews. The journal especially welcomes work that connects design thinking with economic development, urban governance, tourism management, and cultural industries. Our Areas of Interest Include: Architectural Representation & Media – Drawings, photography, film, digital rendering, photogrammetry, AI-generated visualizations. Urbanism & Spatial Studies – Urban planning, infrastructure, mobility, public space governance. Cultural Heritage & History – Heritage management, preservation economics, restoration policy, memory studies. Sustainability & Environmental Design – Green architecture, climate-responsive planning, adaptive reuse, resilience strategies. Art–Architecture Intersections – Public art, installations, creative collaborations in spatial contexts. Digital Technologies & Innovation – VR/AR, 3D scanning, computational design, smart environments, BIM systems. Social & Cultural Perspectives – Inclusivity, participatory planning, community-led development, spatial justice. Economics of Architecture & Urban Development – Real estate markets, architectural entrepreneurship, cost-benefit analysis in design. Management & Policy in the Built Environment – Urban governance, cultural tourism management, infrastructure project management, policy frameworks. Interdisciplinary Approaches – Anthropology, sociology, philosophy, psychology, cultural geography in built environment studies. Please submit your article as an email attachment to editor@ap2.pt
Evaluating the Approaches of Accessible Design in the Concept of Ideal City: A Case Study of Ankara
This study aims to understand whether disabled individuals who reside in Cankaya, Ankara face any accessibility issues using scientific methods and techniques. Qualitative research method was used in this study, and data was collected through interviews. The study group consisted of 18 disabled individuals, including 6 orthopedic, 6 hearing, and 6 visually impaired individuals. The raw data obtained from the participants were evaluated and analyzed under seven different categories, which aimed to understand the accessibility in physical environment, public buildings, social aid, decision-making centers, employment, education, and health. The research findings indicate that some improvements have been made in the categories of "physical environment" accessibility, "public buildings" accessibility, accessibility to "social aids," "decision-making centers" accessibility, "health," "employment," and "education" sectors since the implementation of Law No. 5378 in 2005, but some problems still persist. Disabled individuals living in Cankaya, Ankara, face barriers due to erroneous and deficient physical environment designs, experience problems in the exterior and interior areas of public buildings, are unable to access decision-making centers, have inadequate consultation with their opinions and knowledge, are excluded from employment due to prejudices, and face accessibility issues in education and health. In other words, accessibility issues have become a barrier to disabled individuals, leading to a decrease in their living standards. As a result, it is understood that disabled individuals cannot participate in social life, achieve satisfaction in many areas such as education, health, and employment, and benefit from basic services sufficiently without solving the accessibility problem. Unless it is possible to access the services in question without any obstacles, the reforms and regulations made will remain only on paper. Therefore, the primary issue awaiting a solution for disabled individuals today is accessibility and the limitations it brings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yusef CHEBİB, Ufuk Fatih KUCUKALİ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Abstractive Text Summarization using LSTM, GLOVE, and TensorFlow
Automatic Text summarization (ATS) is a fundamental task in NLP (natural-language-processing), aimed at generating concise and coherent summaries of longer texts. In this study, we investigate the use of deep-learning techniques, with a focus on LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) neural networks, Global Vectors used in Word Representation (GLOVE) embeddings, and the TensorFlow framework, for abstractive text summarization.Our approach leverages the power of LSTM networks to capture sequential dependencies in the input text, enabling the generation of abstractions that extend beyond simple sentence extraction. GLOVE embeddings are used to denote the words in a constant vector space, thereby improving the model's comprehension of semantic relationships between words. TensorFlow provides the computational framework for efficient model training and deployment.We perform experiments on diverse datasets to assess the execution of our abstractive text summarization model. Our findings demonstrate that integrating LSTM, GloVe embeddings, and TensorFlow significantly enhances the quality and fluency of generated summaries compared to traditional extractive summarization approaches.This study contributes to the development of abstractive text summarization techniques, offering a promising approach to distill important details from textual data automatically. Furthermore, the use of open-source tools like TensorFlow makes our model accessible and adaptable for many different applications in the field of natural language processing.
Copyright (c) 2026 Neeraj Kumar Sirohi, Mamta Bansal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Methods for Selecting Building Materials: A Comparative Analytical Study
The process of selecting building materials is one of the most important steps in architectural design. The selection process is at the core of the design process and is critical to the long-term success of an engineering project. Therefore, architects try to follow the best and most suitable methods to select building materials that match the design criteria. When selecting building materials, many criteria are related to building performance, environmental considerations, cost effectiveness, and aesthetic considerations must be taken into consideration. This research paper provides a brief overview of the methods that can be used to select building materials for architectural design. It analyzes these methods and compares them to identify the capabilities of each method and its application areas with the aim of helping architects and designers make choices that achieve the best building performance, considering criteria such as environmental impact, cost-effectiveness, and aesthetic considerations. The study results indicated that the significance of the methods for selecting building materials varies depending on the project's objectives.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bara’a Emaduldeen Alkasar, Hafedh Abed Yahya, Muna Hanim Abdul Samad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Assessing the Effectiveness of Urban Intensification as an Approach to Social Sustainability in Algerian Cities: An Analytical Study Integrating GIS-AHP in the City of Bou Saâda
Urban planning in Algerian cities is increasingly confronted with challenges arising from haphazard urban sprawl, which has adversely affected social cohesion and the efficiency of public services. This study aims to evaluate the role of urban intensification strategies in fostering social sustainability, focusing on three fundamental dimensions: accessibility, urban diversity, and proximity. Taking the city of Bou Saâda as a case study, the research adopts a mixed-methods approach that integrates spatial analysis via Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assess four neighborhoods of varying densities. The study relies on a survey of 372 valid samples (93% response rate), supplemented by spatial data regarding road networks and service distribution. The AHP results demonstrate a clear superiority for high-density, mixed-use planning; the "Administrative District" (Le Quartier Administratif) led the social sustainability index with a score of (0.87), followed by the "Sidi Slimane" neighborhood (0.82), while low-density areas such as "Moufdi Zakaria" recorded the lowest indices (0.35). The study concludes that deliberate intensification—which prioritizes reducing access distances (less than 300 meters) and increasing the functional mix index (above 0.70)—serves as an effective tool for achieving social equity and enhancing the quality of life in medium-sized cities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilyas Moussai, Lahcene Feloussia, Elhadj Benkhaled https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Biophilic Design Principles in Library Interiors: A Proposal for a Conceptual Design Guide
As urbanization, digitalization, and prolonged indoor occupancy increasingly weaken human contact with nature, biophilic design has emerged as a significant approach for improving the environmental quality of learning spaces. Although a growing body of research has examined the cognitive, psychological, and experiential benefits of biophilic environments, studies focusing specifically on library interiors remain limited. Addressing this gap, this study investigates how biophilic design principles become spatially visible in contemporary library interiors and how these principles can be systematized into a conceptual design guide. The research adopts a qualitative multiple case study method and examines four contemporary libraries selected from different geographical and cultural contexts: Library in the Earth (Japan), Calgary Central Library (Canada), Seashore Library (China), and Austin Central Library (USA). The cases were analysed through thematic visual and spatial interpretation based on established biophilic design frameworks. The findings reveal that natural light, visual connection with nature, materiality, prospect–refuge balance, and spatial transition strategies are the most consistent biophilic components across the cases, although their expression varies according to context. Based on these findings, the study proposes a conceptual design guide for library interiors. The article contributes to the biophilic design literature by offering a library-specific, design-oriented framework for future practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gaukhar Yespolova, Dilek Yasar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Post-implementation evaluation of urban street lighting using LED lighting units: a multi-criteria decision analysis methodology
Global shifts towards LED street lighting aim to prioritise energy efficiency and cost reduction. Still, systematic post-implementation evaluations that integrate heritage preservation, cultural sensitivity, and morphological diversity remain underrepresented in the scientific literature, particularly in Mediterranean heritage urban contexts where organic medieval architectural forms, UNESCO heritage classifications, and traditional cultural practices create implementation complexities absent in modern, architecturally designed environments. This study provides a comprehensive post-implementation assessment of the conversion of street lighting to LED across five distinct urban contexts in terms of form and culture in the urban centre of the municipality of Central Algiers, Algeria, where an integrated methodology based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was developed and documented, designed explicitly for heritage-sensitive assessment. Data collection involved systematic protocols that included field light measurements in accordance with EN 13201-4:2015 with modifications for irregular heritage forms, structured expert assessments using documented AHP frameworks that achieved a consistency ratio of 0.07, culturally adapted community surveys, heritage-adjusted lighting energy consumption index (LENI) calculations according to EN 15193-1:2017, and spatial analysis using Moran's I with Monte Carlo substitutions. The study revealed significant contextual sensitivity in LED integration with the urban form, with the latter accounting for 44.5% of the variance in implementation success. It demonstrated that setting a uniform colour temperature of 4000 K led to fundamental incompatibility in heritage contexts, with a dissatisfaction rate of 73%, directly contradicting the pedestrian-preferred range, which was empirically verified at 2,700-3,200 K. Energy performance showed significant reductions ranging from 35.6% to 48.2% across contexts, resulting in annual savings of €287,000, although heritage-sensitive areas sacrificed 20-30% of theoretical efficiency to preserve cultural identity. Spatial analysis revealed a strong spatial correlation with formal predictors, including street width, pattern regularity, and proximity to UNESCO-listed sites, which significantly influenced integration results. This research presents a rigorously documented AHP-GIS framework for heritage-sensitive evaluation of LED lighting, demonstrating that the €125,000 investment in appropriate colour temperature is economically justified by enhanced cultural preservation, in line with global best practices for heritage lighting, and that it achieves payback periods of between 7 years.
Copyright (c) 2026 ZAHAF Elamine, NOUIBAT brahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Measuring Visual Pollution in Individual Housing in Bou Saâda, Algeria: A Comparative Study of Four Urban Patterns Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Visual pollution is an escalating urban-environmental challenge that has attracted growing scholarly attention in urban planning and built environment research, particularly in developing cities undergoing rapid and largely unregulated spatial transformation. This study measures the variation in visual pollution levels across four residential neighborhoods representing distinct urban patterns in the semi-arid context of Bou Saâda, Algeria: the Traditional Quarter (Ksar), the Colonial District (Le Plateau), the Modern Planned Settlement (110 Dwellings), and the Informal Settlement (Sidi Slimane). The Multi-Criteria Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied following Saaty's protocol, complemented by a systematic field survey and in-depth expert interviews with specialists in urbanism and environmental planning.A comprehensive hierarchical evaluation framework was developed, comprising 30 criteria—10 shared across all patterns and 20 pattern-specific—alongside 275 indicators assessed on a 0–5 scale. The total observed visual pollution reached 1,975 points. Results revealed a pronounced divergence among the four patterns: the Informal Settlement ranked highest by a substantial margin (711 points, 36.00%), followed by the Traditional Quarter (439 points, 22.23%), the Planned Settlement (416 points, 21.06%), and the Colonial District (409 points, 20.71%). The absence of green spaces emerged as the most heavily weighted shared criterion (14.03%), followed by unfinished buildings (9.83%). Pearson correlation analysis further demonstrated that visual pollution operates as a tightly interconnected structural system, with correlation coefficients exceeding r = 0.80 in the majority of cases. The study concludes with a phased, evidence-based roadmap for improving visual landscape quality in comparable Algerian cities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ouggad Elhoucine, Nouibat Brahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Digital Trade 2.0: How Emerging Technologies (AI, IoT, and 5G) Are Redefining the Global Exchange of Goods and Services
This paper explores the Chinese digital service trade (DST) and examines its competitiveness through Porters Diamond Model considering the latest developments in technologies, such as the 5G network, Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI). Through multidimensional indices (Revealed Comparative Advantage, Trade Competitiveness, Market Share, Michaely Fluctuation Index) and Entropy-TOPSIS method, we identify the impact of trade freedom, government efficiency, digital infrastructure, and industry openness on DST competitiveness. The findings indicate that China has an escalating degree of competition because of the robust digital foundation and trade incorporation, and integration of trade and DST exports has a high positive long-run enhancement to the growth of the importing countries. The research fills the significant gaps in the existing research on the role of digital trade rules and technology to determine the effects of global trade, particularly in developing markets. Examples such as the USMCA and the DEPA show that the fragmentation of regulations due to the current debate on whether goods or services ought to be classified as digital transmissions is hindering global governance initiatives. Our study offers a policy recourse to developing countries that seek to reduce institutional barriers and enhance competitiveness by adopting digital trade rule-making and digital investments in infrastructure, which will lead to inclusive growth in international trade.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The role of references transformations in architecture design creativity
This research aims to demonstrate the effect of the method adopted by the architectural designer to employ the reference in generating the architectural product, which may be an imitative product or an innovative product. The field of study focuses on the references and design methods that influence the nature of architectural production and imitation and innovation in architecture. In the midst of this confusion in the design output of contemporary architecture, the problem of this research emerges in exploring the references that generate imitational outputs and the references that generate innovative outputs in architecture. To achieve this, the study has set two objectives: The first is what is the reference for generating the design concept? The second is what is the method that the designer relies on towards the reference to generate the design concept? The study adopted the qualitative analysis approach of building shapes to achieve the first objective and the qualitative inferential approach using the pre-structured interview method with a selected number of architectural experts to verify the second objective. The results of the study were summarized as follows: The most widely used methods for generating traditional ideas for architectural production is the imitation method, which relies on imitate and replicating references from within the field of architecture, while the metaphor method is used to generate innovative ideas for architectural production, which relies on abstracting and modifying references from outside the field of architecture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahma Waleed Hashim, Hafedh Abed Yahya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Guidelines for Enhancing Lifelong Learning for Chinese Students Studying in Thailand
The global landscape of higher education has witnessed a significant surge in international student mobility, with Chinese students representing the largest cohort worldwide. Thailand has emerged as an increasingly attractive destination for these students, particularly between 2023 and 2025. This article synthesizes existing literature and analytical findings to propose practical guidelines for enhancing lifelong learning (LLL) among Chinese students in Thailand. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks such as Andragogy, Social Cognitive Theory, Acculturation Theory, and Human Capital Theory, the paper identifies key facilitators and barriers to LLL engagement. The proposed guidelines offer actionable recommendations for Thai higher education institutions, Chinese students, and policymakers, aiming to foster a robust LLL mindset, cultivate essential skills, and maximize the overall benefits of their international educational experience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Theerapong Budsarakoon, Kasinee Sokhuma, Samrerng Onsamphan, Walton Wider, Wanting Zeng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Land Conflicts and Social Insecurity in the Municipality of Kpele 1 in the Face of Sustainability Challenges in Togo
In the commune of Kpélé 1 in south-western Togo, land is considered, according to social norms, to be a shared inheritance. The community therefore establishes rules to specify the use, sharing and transfer of this precious asset among all members. Belonging to the ancestors, the first occupants, the land is passed on in various forms to descendants, adopted foreigners or buyers. The availability of land and its exploitation according to customary rules have long been the basis for cohabitation and peaceful coexistence between several social groups. However, it has become the subject of controversy and conflict with the deterioration of social ties and family breakdown due to the monetisation of society and the decline of the collectivist spirit. This research aims to highlight the issues at stake, to understand the traditional and modern rationales that contextualise conflicts, and to identify endogenous and exogenous resolution mechanisms in the face of the challenges of lasting peace and social cohesion. The results show that several factors contribute to land conflicts, ranging from urban dynamics to historical and legal factors. In addition, conflicts are complex, and their resolution depends on the level of categorisation. It is therefore necessary to disseminate the legal framework based on the Land and State Property Code and to organise interviews and awareness-raising sessions with all stakeholders to promote social cohesion and peace, which are key to sustainable development.
Flood Risk Analysis in Şanlıurfa City Centre
In recent years, Turkey has become a place where loss of life and property due to natural disasters has increased. The rise in losses, particularly from floods, stems from construction in riverbeds and poor planning decisions. One of the most recent examples is the flood that occurred in the city center of Şanlıurfa, one of Turkey's major cities, on March 15, 2023, which resulted in the loss of 17 lives and material losses. The study gained importance because land use decisions in the city center of Şanlıurfa, which was selected as the study area, were made without considering flood risk, increasing the potential for sudden rainfall to turn into floods. To this end, the urban development of Şanlıurfa was examined in terms of flood risk, and the Süleymaniye and Göl neighborhoods, which have the highest potential for impact, were examined in detail. The flood risk analysis map, created using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods, shows that risk increases in areas close to rivers, with high rainfall, and dense construction. According to the risk analysis map, approximately 32% of the study area consists of low-risk areas, 62% of medium-risk areas, and 6% of high-risk areas. In areas where flood risk cannot be prevented, it is recommended that existing structures be evacuated or demolished based on their risk status, and that settlement in safer areas identified in place of risky structures be encouraged.
Copyright (c) 2026 Osman NASANLI, Devrim Türkan Kejanlı https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Spatial Analysis of Flood Risk in Manavgat
The number of natural disasters is increasing day by day due to climate change and pop-ulation growth. Disasters increase loss of life and property when city plans are prepared without sufficient consideration and land use decisions are made. In 2010, 2014 and 2021, floods in Antalya caused significant material losses in many districts. In recent years, in-creasing floods in the city centre of Manavgat, Antalya, have caused economic losses and expanded their area of impact. In this context, the aim of this study is to analyse the rela-tionship between land use and floods in Manavgat using the Analytical Hierarchy Pro-cess (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, thereby offering rec-ommendations for risk reduction. The study covers the identification of areas at risk of flooding and the development of settlement proposals for these areas. An analysis map has been prepared within this scope. Risk increases in low-altitude agricultural areas and urban areas with high rainfall, while it decreases in areas with low rainfall, high altitude and forested areas. Therefore, land use should be planned according to scientific and geo-graphical data, construction should be restricted in hazardous areas, permeable surfaces should be increased, and the destruction of forested areas should be prevented
Copyright (c) 2026 Osman Nasanlı, Devrim Türkan Kejanlı, Nurullah Tan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Distinguishing Manuel Panselinos from Michael Astrapas and Eutychios: A CIELAB Color Analysis of 13th Century Macedonian School Frescoes
The chromatic analysis of frescoes using the CIELAB method represents a novel, non-destructive approach for the preliminary study of an artist, based on the colorimetric analysis of their work as a whole. By employing sophisticated mathematical relationships, this method reveals an artist's color preferences and tendencies, which appear to be unique to each individual. Quantifying these preferences through CIELAB analysis allows for the establishment of a personal "color identity" expressed through stochastic mathematical relations. Consequently, the effective disclosure of these chromatic profiles requires the analysis of a sufficient number of representative images. Applying these principles to a case study of two prominent 13th-century masters of the Macedonian School, Manuel Panselinos and the Michael Astrapas and Eutychios, this research demonstrated a strong, individual linear correlation between the chromatic variable ΔC∗ and the variable Δb∗ in their respective paintings. This linear relationship serves as a unique chromatic property for each painter, constituting a distinct "color signature." The establishment of a comprehensive database utilizing the CIELAB method to register these chromatic signatures could prove invaluable for the attribution of unsigned works. This potential was validated in the present study, which confirmed the hypothesis that Panselinos was the artist responsible for the unsigned frescoes in the Chapel of Saint Efthymios in Thessaloniki. Ultimately, the creation of a global CIELAB-based chromatic database for artists and their frescoes would significantly facilitate the further study and authentication of Byzantine monumental painting.
Copyright (c) 2026 Antigoni Vlisidi, Hamdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Daily Dispatch’s construction of criminal attacks on tourists in Eastern Cape, South Africa
The Eastern Cape ranks among South Africa’s top tourism destinations. The province offers attractive landscapes, untamed Wild Coast beaches and pristine surfing spots. Millions of domestic and international tourists visit Eastern Cape annually. Tourism is Eastern Cape’s nerve centre generating revenue for its economy and thousands of jobs for locals. However, Eastern Cape has witnessed a surge in criminal attacks against tourists. This threatens its destination image with disastrous ramifications for its economy and a society reliant on tourism for survival. Extant scholarship examines how foreign media have reported on crime in South Africa, especially towards the 2010 FIFA World Cup, which the country hosted. Literature examining how the domestic press has mediated crime in tourism is scarce. Through this qualitative case study, we attend this lacuna by examining how Daily Dispatch constructed attacks on tourists in Eastern Cape and the implications on destination image. Data gathered through digital archival research were subjected to a framing analysis. Findings reveal that whereas Daily Dispatch depicted the attacks as a threat to Eastern Cape’s provincial economy and flagged poor policing, it primed grassroot anti-crime mechanisms inclusive of community neighbourhood watch as among a cocktail of measures guaranteeing safety for tourists. Such contextualised editorialization enabled Daily Dispatch to deftly mediate a sensitive subject intersecting tourism, crime and journalism.
Copyright (c) 2026 Takunda Maodza, Emihle Mbangatha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Strategic Management of Urban Heritage and Sustainable Development in Touat Region of Algeria
The Touat region of Algeria contains a worldwide important collection of earthen buildings which includes its ancient Ksour and its Casbahs. The area experiences an immediate governance emergency because urban development outpaces planning efforts which threatens the cultural heritage site. The research applies MACTOR (Matrix of Alliances and Conflicts: Tactics, Objectives, and Recommendations) strategic analysis tool to analyze how various actors and their objectives affect the evolution of urban areas. The research study reveals six essential players who work toward six essential goals which show how local governments and business developers control the area while pushing out the people who originally protected the cultural heritage. The research establishes numerical positions for actors which show a powerful conflict between their present financial targets and their required environmental protection efforts. The research results demonstrate that organizations need to establish an entirely different governance system. The research establishes a strategic development plan which uses the "Golden Equation" to achieve sustainability through three main elements that include multi-stakeholder collaboration and heritage economic value creation and compulsory urban planning regulations for earthen architecture. The proposed model functions as a testing model which can be applied in the Gourrara and Tidikelt region.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdelmalek Abdelaoui, Mohamed Hocine Ait Saadi, Mohamed Benabdelfattah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Caliph’s Feudalism and the Sultan’s Feudalism: Theory and Practice According to the Orientalist Poliak
This study explains the nature of the relationship between the feudalism (land grant) of the caliph and that of the sultan during the Mamluk era, which reflected a form of political duality in the structure of governance. The caliph retained symbolic status and religious legitimacy, while actual authority and control over resources and lands shifted to the sultan. Whereas in earlier periods caliphs themselves granted iqṭāʿs, in the Mamluk era the caliph received a fixed iqṭāʿ determined by the sultan. This gradually transformed into a financial allocation, closer to a salary, without conferring administrative influence or direct authority over the management of those lands.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wafaa Adnan Hamid, Saja Ali Saleh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Strengthening Employee Performance Through Sustainable HRM: Examining the Moderating Role of Individual Culture
This study aims to analyse the influence of employee engagement, employee communication, attitude, transformational leadership, and Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) Learning on employee performance and its implications for Sustainable Human Resource Management, with employee culture as a moderating variable. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The research population consists of managerial-level employees (leaders to managers) at companies in West Java who participated in the ‘X’ Job Training Institute (LPK) training programme, with a total of 360 respondents. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results showed that employee engagement, employee communication, transformational leadership, and NLP learning had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, while attitude had no significant effect. Furthermore, employee performance, employee engagement, attitude, transformational leadership, and NLP learning have a positive and significant effect on sustainable HRM, while employee communication does not have a significant effect. Additionally, employee culture acts as a moderating variable in the effect of employee engagement, employee communication, and transformational leadership on employee performance, as well as attitude and transformational. This study contributes theoretically by integrating individual factors, organizational factors, and NLP Learning into a comprehensive Sustainable HRM framework. Practically, the findings provide valuable insights for organizations and training institutions in designing more effective and Sustainable human resource development strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lisna Nurpida, Nera Marinda, Hadita ., Zahara Tussoleha Rony https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Improving Regional Sports Performance through a Governance Lens: An Analysis of Sports Governance in Lamongan Regency
This study examines how sport governance contributes to improving regional athletic performance through a case study of Lamongan Regency. Employing a qualitative case-study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, policy document analysis, and limited observation, and were analyzed using Creswell’s qualitative analysis procedures. The analytical framework draws on Henry and Lee’s sport governance model—systemic governance, organizational governance, and political governance—engaged in dialogue with contemporary governance and public administration scholarship. The findings indicate that regional sport performance is shaped by the simultaneous interaction of these three governance dimensions. The study shows that weak cross-sectoral integration, particularly between sport and education, constrains the effectiveness of systemic governance; unequal internal participation undermines organizational governance; and misaligned political commitments among key actors impede the translation of political support into performance outcomes. The study’s novelty lies in advancing the concept of performance-oriented sport governance at the subnational level, emphasizing cross-sectoral integration, balanced organizational participation, and aligned political governance as prerequisites for sustaining performance improvements. This study contributes to public administration and sport governance research and offers policy implications for strengthening subnational sport governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erwin Sulistya Pambudi, Agus Suryono, Mochammad Rozikin, Ainul Hayat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Impact of Map-Based Worksheet Implementation on Spatial Thinking Skills in Social Sciences Subjects
This study aims to examine the impact of implementing map-based worksheets on students' spatial thinking skills in Social Studies (IPS). The method used was quantitative with a two-group post-test only experimental design. This study was conducted at SMP Plus Al Fatimah Bojonegoro, Indonesia. The study sample consisted of two groups: an experimental group that used map-based worksheets and a control group that was not given the treatment. Data were collected through spatial thinking tests administered before and after the implementation of map-based worksheets. The results of the analysis using the Independent t-test showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p = 0.002), with the experimental group showing a better increase in spatial thinking skills. The validity and reliability of the instruments used in this study also showed excellent results, and the prerequisite tests (normality and homogeneity of variance) met the requirements for the Independent t-test. This study concludes that the implementation of map-based worksheets is effective in improving students' spatial thinking skills in IPS learning, and it is recommended to implement it more widely in learning at school.
Copyright (c) 2026 Armawati Hidayati, Rusijono ., Fajar Arianto, Sukma Perdana Prasetya, Nurul Mazidah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Seismic Performance of an Earth Dam Strengthened with HDPE Geogrids by Finite Element Analysis
Earth dams constructed in seismic areas are very susceptible to the strong ground shaking, particularly when in near-full reservoir conditions that cause increase of system requirement through hydro-mechanical interaction. The present article studies the dynamic response of Al-Adhaim Dam during El-Centro earthquake record (PGA = 0.30 g) at full reservoir level (EL = 143 m) with and without buttressing from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geogrid during its service life. A fully coupled flow–deformation finite-element formulation was used for the analysis of the seismic displacement, acceleration amplification, stress redistribution, pore-pressure response, seepage behavior and overall stability. Results show that the unretrofitted dam undergoes large seismic-induced deformations of 0.33 m and peak crest acceleration amplifications up to 0.78 g, which result in a well FOS<1.0), indicating an unstable condition due to seismic loading. After reinforcement, the maximum displacements at the critical downstream zone are decreased by over 97% (from ~0.30 m to 8 × 10⁻³ m), whereas the factor of safety increases to stabilized values in the range between 1.69 and 1.83 for all reinforcements conditions. A one-way ANOVA test indicates that both reduction of the displacement (p < 10⁻⁴) and improving factor of safety (p < 10⁻⁴) are statistically significant, indicating that these improvements do not result from numerical variability but are due to the mechanical effect contributed by geogrid system. The stress analysis shows that the level of confinement in downstream shell is increased while pore pressure response and seepage pattern become constant without any ill effect from the reinforcement. All these results prove that HDPE geogrid reinforcement has been an effective and statistically proved approach for reinforcing and improving the seismic resistance of earth dams under extremely strong ground motion, which provides a reliable theoretical basis for seismic strengthening design of embankment dam in seismically high-risk areas.
Spatial Justice and Urban Mobility Governance: Reconstructing the Policy Framework for Resolving Fatal Traffic Accidents in Indonesian Metropolitan Areas
This study examines the intersection between spatial justice, urban mobility governance, and criminal justice policy in the context of fatal traffic accidents in Indonesian metropolitan areas. Deaths resulting from road accidents represent a critical failure of the built environment management system. Yet, the applicable regulatory framework treats them solely as criminal matters without considering spatial, infrastructural, and community dimensions. Using a post-positivist normative legal research approach supplemented by empirical data from four metropolitan police jurisdictions (Polda Metro Jaya, Polres Brebes, Polres Blora, and Polres Semarang), this study analyzes how the retributive orientation of Indonesian traffic accident regulations creates spatial injustice by severing the link between case resolution and the urban communities where the harm occurred. The findings reveal three critical governance gaps: (1) the absolute prohibition of restorative resolution in Article 235 of the Road Traffic Law contradicts the urban governance paradigm that prioritizes community-based conflict resolution; (2) institutional fragmentation between the police, prosecutors, courts, and transportation agencies results in spatially uneven justice; and (3) transactional legal culture reduces the restorative process to financial compensation that is detached from the spatial and social context of the affected community. This study proposes a regulatory reconstruction that integrates the principles of restorative justice into the framework of urban mobility governance. These findings contribute to the interdisciplinary discourse on spatial justice, urban governance, and the social dimensions of mobility infrastructure.
Copyright (c) 2026 Joko Kiky Wantono, Sri Endah Wahyuningsih, Jawade Hafidz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Sustainable HRM is Influenced by Kaizen-Based HR with Multiple Mediation and Moderated by Employee Experience
Sustainable Human Resource Management (Sustainable HRM) has emerged as a strategic approach that integrates economic, social, and environmental objectives into organizational HR practices. However, empirical evidence explaining how internal HR mechanisms contribute to Sustainable HRM, particularly within training institutions and cross-sector companies, remains limited. This study aims to examine the influence of a Kaizen-based HR reward system on Sustainable HRM through multiple mediation mechanisms involving employee commitment, employee culture, situational leadership, and employee performance, while also testing the moderating role of employee experience. Using a quantitative explanatory design, data were collected from managerial-level employees across companies in West Java that collaborate with vocational training institutions (LPK “X”). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze direct, indirect, and moderating effects within the proposed integrative framework. The findings indicate that the reward system significantly influences employee commitment, employee culture, and situational leadership. Employee performance plays a crucial mediating role in strengthening Sustainable HRM implementation. Furthermore, employee experience moderates several relationships within the model, particularly in strengthening the linkage between behavioral factors and performance outcomes. This study contributes theoretically by extending Sustainable HRM literature through the integration of Goal Setting Theory and Kaizen-based HR practices into a comprehensive structural model. Practically, the results provide strategic guidance for organizations in designing adaptive reward systems and fostering sustainable employee development. The findings also offer policy implications for training institutions seeking to enhance long-term workforce sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sugiyono ., Nera Marinda Machdar, Hadita ., Zahara Tussoleha Rony https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Logistics and territory: a reciprocal interaction serving the urban dynamics of the port city of Lomé.
The internationalization of the production process, driven by technological advances, has strengthened the role of port and airport cities in the global logistics chain. As a spatial support for logistics activities, cities provide the land resources necessary for the establishment of logistics facilities. These facilities generate economic externalities by facilitating the storage and movement of goods, but their location has a significant impact on the spatial growth of these cities. This article aims to analyze the impact of logistics facilities on the spatial dynamics of the city of Lomé through a mixed methodological approach combining quantitative and qualitative data. The results reveal that the central and immediate municipalities of the port area, notably Golfe 1 and Golfe 4, account for 43% of logistics facilities, compared to 57% for the remaining 11 municipalities. However, although located on the outskirts, the municipality of Agoè-nyivé 6, which is home to the industrial platform, also attracts several minor logistics facilities that contribute to the spatial sprawl of the city of Lomé. Proximity to major logistics facilities and the road network, as well as land accessibility, are the main criteria for the location of warehouses and stores in Greater Lomé (DAGL).
Copyright (c) 2026 Kodjo Djossou, Iléri Dandonougbo, Barbara Lyonnet, Hicham Abbad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Digital transformation and its relationship with work productivity: a systematic review of the literature
Introduction. digital transformation has become a central driver of organizational performance, reshaping work processes, productivity indicators, and operational efficiency worldwide. However, existing evidence remains dispersed across industries and methodological approaches, making it necessary to synthesize the current knowledge base. This study aims to systematically review empirical research examining the relationship between digital transformation and work productivity.Methodology. a systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Academic databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar were searched, identifying 535 articles. After duplicate removal, screening, and full‐text evaluation, 145 studies published between 2020 and 2025 met the inclusion criteria. Data extraction focused on methodological characteristics, digital transformation components, productivity indicators, and empirical results.Results. findings show a consistent positive association between digital transformation initiatives and work productivity. Approximately 78% of the reviewed studies reported increases in individual or organizational productivity linked to technological integration, automation, digital skills development, and data‐driven decision-making. However, methodological heterogeneity across studies, particularly in measurement instruments and conceptual definitions, limited the possibility of conducting a meta-analysis. The review also highlighted moderating factors, such as digital competencies, organizational culture, leadership, and technology readiness.Conclusion. the evidence indicates that digital transformation significantly enhances work productivity, although its impact depends on organizational capabilities, employee digital skills, and strategic implementation. Future research should prioritize standardized measurement frameworks, cross-industry comparisons, and longitudinal designs to strengthen the understanding of this relationship.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bryan Smith Contreras-Yupanqui https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Impact of digital transformation on the productivity of public administration
Introduction. digital transformation is a strategic axis for modernizing public administration, enabling more efficient, transparent, and citizen-centered processes. Nevertheless, empirical evidence is required to assess its direct impact on institutional productivity.Methodology. a quantitative, non-experimental, and correlational study was conducted with 150 civil servants from public institutions in Metropolitan Lima. A structured questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of α = 0.91 was applied.Results. findings revealed that 74.7% of participants perceived improved process efficiency through digitalization, while 69.2% reported increased management transparency. Inferential analysis showed that digital transformation explained 64.8% of productivity in public administration (R² = 0.648, p < 0.01).Conclusion. digital transformation significantly and positively impacts productivity in public administration. Strengthening civil servants’ digital competencies and ensuring technological sustainability are recommended.
Modelo de Gestión Curricular Basado en Competencias para Programas de Ingeniería
La investigación contribuye al campo de la teoría, diseño y ejecución del currículo en educación superior mediante la formulación de un modelo de gestión curricular basado en competencias, específicamente diseñado para programas de ingeniería. El modelo integra las fases de diseño, gestión operativa y evaluación continua del plan de estudios, articulando herramientas metodológicas, pedagógicas y de gestión que facilitan su aplicación bajo el enfoque de mejora continua (ciclo PDCA). Se adopta un enfoque mixto, de carácter socio-crítico y diseño secuencial multietapa, que combina análisis documental, diagnóstico de brechas curriculares, juicio de expertos y validación del modelo propuesto. En la primera fase, el modelo establece una estructura para la construcción del diseño curricular a partir del perfil de ingreso y los resultados de aprendizaje esperados, orientados al logro del perfil de egreso con base en competencias. En la segunda fase, aborda la gestión operativa mediante herramientas pedagógicas de evaluación que comparan las competencias con los logros de aprendizaje, construyendo una red coherente de asignaturas y competencias. En la tercera fase, incorpora dispositivos de evaluación y retroalimentación curricular, así como el seguimiento de egresados y la participación de los grupos de interés para garantizar la actualización permanente del currículo. Los resultados permiten disponer de un modelo integrador que fortalece la pertinencia formativa, la empleabilidad y la calidad de los programas de ingeniería, alineado con estándares internacionales y con las demandas del entorno socio-productivo.
Copyright (c) 2026 Katia Burneo-Gonzalez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
El principio del interés superior del niño en la educación inicial y sus implicaciones pedagógicas y éticas en la práctica docente
The principle of the best interests of the child constitutes a fundamental guideline in the protection of children’s rights and has direct implications for educational practice, particularly in early childhood education. This study aims to analyze the principle of the best interests of the child in Ecuadorian early childhood education and its pedagogical and ethical implications for teaching practice. A qualitative approach was adopted, using a descriptive–interpretive and exploratory design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 early childhood teachers, non-participant classroom observations, and document analysis. The data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis, allowing the identification of emerging categories related to teachers’ understandings, practices, and ethical dilemmas.The findings reveal that the principle of the best interests of the child is present in teaching practice mainly in an implicit manner, expressed through care-oriented actions and concern for children’s emotional well-being. However, its application is not always grounded in an explicit rights-based framework, generating tensions between institutional demands and pedagogical decisions. The study highlights the role of teachers as moral agents and direct guarantors of children’s rights and emphasizes the need to strengthen ethical and rights-based training in early childhood education. These findings contribute to the discussion on educational ethics and children’s rights by providing contextualized evidence from the Ecuadorian educational system.
Copyright (c) 2026 FERNANDA GABRIELA CHAZI NACIMBA, MONICA VALERIA ARBOLEDA VALDIVIEZO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Narrative Closure in Post-Reform Indonesian Bestselling Novels: A Typology of Ending Techniques
This study investigates how narrative closure is designed in Indonesian best-selling novels produced in the post-reform era (after 1998). Rather than treating endings as a mere point of termination, the study positions closure as a strategic narrative device that consolidates meaning, intensifies affect, and shapes readers’ after-reading interpretation. Using qualitative narrative text analysis, the research focuses on the final segments of selected post-reform best-selling novels, including last chapters and attached ending materials such as epilogues, diary entries, letters, photographs, and timelines. Data were analyzed through iterative close reading and systematic coding to identify recurring closure patterns and their narrative functions. The findings yield a typology of eight dominant ending techniques: integration of past events with future projections; open transitions and cliffhanger-like continuations; reflective closure through diaries; documentary-like extensions through chronological traces and photographs; reflective and philosophical closures; motivational endings framed as tips or advice; reflective letters as intimate final address; and the repetition of past–future closure patterns across texts. Across the corpus, endings operate on a dual register: they provide sufficient completion for a given story arc while preserving interpretive space that invites contemplation, sustains emotional bonds with characters, and, in some cases, maintains anticipation for narrative continuation. The study contributes to narratology-informed scholarship on Indonesian popular fiction by offering a systematic typology of closure techniques and demonstrating that the cultural impact of best-selling novels is often concentrated in their last pages, where fictional experience is translated into durable reader reflection.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rifqi Risnadyatul Hudha, Wahyudi Siswanto, Karkono . https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
HUMAN EXISTENTIALISM AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
This study is about the relationship between humans and technology, particularly explaining the existential aspects of humans and artificial intelligence (AI). Based on the collaboration between humans and technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has a paradoxical side for human existence: on the one hand, it drives change towards existentialism, and on the other hand, it drives destruction and even the elimination of human existence. This research, which uses the philosophy of existentialism and the thoughts of Martin Heidegger's philosophy of technology and the philosophy of human existentialism from Jean-Paul Sartre, attempts to examine the function of control and exploitation of technology towards humans, which results in the loss of human authenticity. At the beginning of the article, it discusses what artificial intelligence (AI) is and the understanding of human existentialism, then discusses the vital and fatal impacts of AI on human existence. The findings in this study are that the most frightening thing about the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is not technology but a calculative way of thinking that results in the annihilation of everything, including human existentialism and the human ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 Emma Alfa Nadia, Bagong Suyanto, Armada Riyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0