Architectural Image Studies (E-ISSN:2184-8645) is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal that explores the visual, cultural, technological, social, economic, and managerial dimensions of architecture. Adopting a multidisciplinary perspective, AIS brings together architecture, urban studies, economics, management, heritage, arts, social sciences, and digital technologies to understand how the built environment is conceived, represented, experienced, governed, and sustained. We believe architecture is more than form and function — it is a cultural and economic asset, shaped by complex interactions between design, policy, markets, communities, and technology. AIS publishes original research articles, theoretical explorations, visual essays, practice-based case studies, and critical reviews. The journal especially welcomes work that connects design thinking with economic development, urban governance, tourism management, and cultural industries. Our Areas of Interest Include: Architectural Representation & Media – Drawings, photography, film, digital rendering, photogrammetry, AI-generated visualizations. Urbanism & Spatial Studies – Urban planning, infrastructure, mobility, public space governance. Cultural Heritage & History – Heritage management, preservation economics, restoration policy, memory studies. Sustainability & Environmental Design – Green architecture, climate-responsive planning, adaptive reuse, resilience strategies. Art–Architecture Intersections – Public art, installations, creative collaborations in spatial contexts. Digital Technologies & Innovation – VR/AR, 3D scanning, computational design, smart environments, BIM systems. Social & Cultural Perspectives – Inclusivity, participatory planning, community-led development, spatial justice. Economics of Architecture & Urban Development – Real estate markets, architectural entrepreneurship, cost-benefit analysis in design. Management & Policy in the Built Environment – Urban governance, cultural tourism management, infrastructure project management, policy frameworks. Interdisciplinary Approaches – Anthropology, sociology, philosophy, psychology, cultural geography in built environment studies. Please submit your article as an email attachment to editor@ap2.pt
Classifying Fires, Interpreting Decisions: An Explainable AI Framework for Architectural Image Analysis
The rapid and accurate detection of fire in architectural imagery is critical for safeguarding built heritage and ensuring public safety, presenting a compelling challenge at the intersection of computer vision and architectural studies. This paper introduces a robust deep-learning framework tailored for this task, with principal contributions spanning data, methodology, and model interpretability. First, we construct and publicly release a novel dataset of building exterior images encompassing fire, smoke, and normal scenes, providing a dedicated benchmark for scholarly and applied research. Second, we implement a fine-tuned ResNet-50 model, enhanced by strategic data augmentation and class-balancing techniques, which achieves perfect classification performance on a balanced test set. Finally, and most significantly for fostering trust, we employ Class Activation Mapping (CAM) to generate visual explanations. These heatmaps empirically verify that the model’s decisions are grounded in semantically relevant visual features—specifically, flames and smoke—rather than spurious correlations, thereby validating its reliability. Our work demonstrates the potent synergy of data-centric Artificial Intelligence (AI) and explainable AI for architectural image analysis. The findings offer substantial implications for interdisciplinary studies in architectural imagery, visual cognition, and the development of intelligent, reliable monitoring systems for the built environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Designing Immersive Fitness Environments: Integrating Generative AI and Scenario Creation in College Physical Education
This practice-oriented study explores the integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) into the design of immersive, scenario-based environments for university physical fitness education. We developed and implemented the GAI-driven Situational Creation for Fitness (GAI-SCF) model—a structured framework that leverages narrative and multimodal content generation to enhance spatial and experiential engagement in physical activity settings. Over a 12-week semester, 120 students participated in a mixed-methods study, with an experimental group (n=60) experiencing the GAI-SCF model and a control group (n=60) receiving traditional instruction. The intervention followed a four phase cycle (Analysis, Generation, Implementation, Evaluation), using a GAI platform to create personalized, thematic workout environments (e.g., “Cybernetic Rhythm Battle,” “Eco-System Rescue Mission”). Quantitative results showed that the experimental group achieved significantly greater improvements in skill performance (F(1, 117) = 28.74, p < .001, η² = .20), reported higher situational interest (t(118) = 3.89, p < .001, d = 0.71), and exhibited stronger learning motivation (t(118) = 4.56, p < .001, d = 0.83). Qualitative analysis revealed that the model fostered novel, autonomous, and socially connective learning atmospheres, effectively transforming the gym into a dynamic narrative space. This paper presents the GAI-SCF model as a replicable design framework for educators and designers seeking to use GAI to reimagine physical education environments as adaptive, engaging, and architecturally responsive experiences.
Strategy for the Development of Modern Logistics Systems in Central Asia
This study investigates the development of modern logistics systems in Central Asia, focusing on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan. It aims to identify the current challenges and key factors affecting logistics efficiency and to propose strategic guidelines that promote modernization, integration, and sustainability in the region’s logistics sector. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating quantitative analysis of secondary data with qualitative interviews from logistics experts. The results revealed steady improvement in logistics performance across Central Asia over the past decade, with Kazakhstan leading in LPI scores and digital readiness. A strong positive correlation was found between infrastructure quality and customs efficiency, confirming the importance of physical infrastructure in trade facilitation. The study concludes that achieving logistics modernization in Central Asia requires an integrated strategy combining infrastructure coordination, technological innovation, and policy harmonization. Recommendations include establishing a Regional Logistics Coordination Council (RLCC), promoting public–private partnerships, accelerating e-customs systems, investing in human capital, and integrating green logistics practices. These measures can transform Central Asia into a competitive, efficient, and sustainable logistics hub connecting Asia and Europe.
Sound Body IoT Dynamometer as a Digital Standard: Agreement with Jamar and the Role of Dynamic Grip Metrics in Functional Risk Screening
Background: Handgrip strength (HGS) is a widely used biomarker of musculoskeletal capacity and physiological aging. Traditional hydraulic devices such as the Jamar provide peak-force values but cannot capture dynamic neuromuscular characteristics. Digital IoT-based dynamometers offer high-resolution force–time data that may enhance functional assessment. Objective: This study examined the agreement between SoundBody IoT Dynamometer and the Jamar device and evaluated the added value of dynamic waveform-derived indicators for functional risk screening. Methods: Data from 312 adults were analyzed. Peak-force values were obtained using Jamar, while SoundBody recorded continuous force–time curves. Agreement was assessed using correlations, ICC, Bland–Altman plots, and proportional bias analysis. SoundBody-derived metrics included fatigue slope, variability, time-to-peak, asymmetry, and AUC. Age-stratified models evaluated their predictive utility. Results: SoundBody peak force strongly correlated with Jamar (r = 0.87; ICC = 0.83), although it underestimated peak force by ~5 kg. Dynamic indicators showed greater sensitivity to aging than peak force, with older adults exhibiting steeper fatigue slopes, higher variability, and greater asymmetry. Models incorporating dynamic metrics explained more variance in functional decline than those using peak force alone. Conclusion: IoT-based dynamometry provides meaningful neuromuscular insights beyond peak-force assessment. SoundBody’s dynamic indicators support early detection of age-related deterioration and functional risk, positioning it as a promising digital standard for comprehensive grip-strength evaluation.
Energy-Efficient Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks through Firefly–Gradient Descent Hybrid Optimization
The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are utilized by many monitoring applications, and it is widely accessible. Restricted node energy and dynamic network backgrounds limits the effectiveness of WSN. Thus, premature node failures and shorter network lifetime (NL) may result from these limitations. For Cluster Head (CH) selection, conventional clustering methods are ineffective, because these conventional methods mostly utilized static metrics. So, these conventional methods fail to adapt to dynamic topologies and energy patterns. An AI-enhanced Firefly–Gradient Descent Hybrid Optimization (AI-FGDHO) model is suggested in this study for the purpose of resolving those issues. In the network structure, intelligent decision-making is integrated by AI-FGDHO model. The node-level local CH candidacy scoring with lightweight machine learning (ML) algorithms and CH level collaborative model updates without raw data sharing using federated learning (FL) are utilized by this suggested model. The CH rotation schedules and routing strategies are dynamically refined by the Reinforcement learning (RL). For enhancing CH placement, and exploiting network topology, graph neural networks (GNNs) are used. In the exploration ability of Firefly optimization and the exploitation strength of gradient descent, these AI components are integrated, and it facilitate in adaptive and energy-aware clustering. Then, simulation was conducted with the suggested AI-FGDHO and conventional methods. With higher residual energy (0.70 J), delivery ratio (80), NL (950 rounds), throughput (900 packets), lower overhead (120 packets), latency (200 ms), reduced CH rotations (22), and improved coverage (75), the suggested AI-FGDHO model executes better than conventional methods, and it was demonstrated by the simulation outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 N. S. Kavitha , N. Celin , N. Sowmiya , Lathika B A https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Mangrove Forests As A Learning Resource: Improving Students' Science Literacy In Esd-Oriented Science Learning
This study examines the improvement of students' science literacy through science learning oriented towards Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), using mangrove forests as a learning resource. The method used is an experiment with a “Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design”, which allows for a comparison of students' science literacy abilities before and after treatment. The experimental class followed ESD-based learning using mangrove forests, while the control class continued to use conventional methods. A significant difference in science literacy improvement was found between the experimental and control groups (Mann-Whitney test, Asymp.sig. = 0.00), with the experimental class showing a larger increase. Their average post-learning score was 75.29, which was higher than the control group's average of 66.4. A challenge of this learning approach is the potential danger to students from flooded forest conditions. Therefore, student health and safety must be taken into consideration, for example, by using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) during visits. With this measure, ESD-based science learning in the field remains safe while effectively improving students' science literacy.
Coordinating Fire Prevention In Indonesia: A Systematic Review Of Policy Effectiveness And Actor Collaboration In South Sumatra
Forest and land fires (Karhutla) have become a critical environmental and socio-economic challenge in Indonesia, particularly in South Sumatra. These fires cause extensive damage to ecosystems, air quality, and human health, with significant economic consequences for the region. Despite various governmental efforts to prevent and manage Karhutla, including legislation and policy implementation, the recurring occurrence of fires highlights the challenges in effective policy execution, coordination among stakeholders, and local capacity. This study presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on the effectiveness of fire prevention policies and the role of multi-actor coordination in South Sumatra's fire management. The review synthesizes studies published between 2010 and 2023, assessing how government policies, private sector involvement, and community participation contribute to the success or failure of fire management efforts. The findings show that while policies exist, their implementation is hindered by institutional fragmentation, weak coordination, and insufficient law enforcement. In contrast, effective multi-actor coordination, particularly between government agencies, the private sector, and local communities, significantly reduces fire occurrence and intensity. The study concludes that collaborative governance frameworks, improved policy enforcement, and increased community involvement are critical to improving fire management strategies in South Sumatra. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of integrating climate change adaptation strategies and technological innovations into fire management policies for long-term sustainability.
Exploring the Predictive Relationship between Creative Self-Efficacy and Spatial Visualization Ability in Gifted Students
This research investigated the predictive relationship between Creative self-efficacy and Spatial visualization ability among gifted high school students in Saudi Arabia, in light of the knowledge transformation required to achieve the Kingdom's Vision 2030. The study utilized Bandura's social-cognitive theory framework to address a notable gap in Arabic literature regarding the interplay between cognitive experience and affective belief. The study used a descriptive correlational approach, applying the Revised PSVT:R and the Creative Self-Efficacy Scale to a sample of gifted high school students. The descriptive results showed that the sample had very high levels of both creative self-efficacy and spatial visualization ability, confirming the superior affective and cognitive characteristics of this group. The results of the correlation analysis showed a positive and statistically significant correlation between creative self-efficacy and spatial visualization ability. (r = 0.48, p < 0.001). More importantly, linear regression analysis revealed that spatial visualization ability statistically significantly predicts creative self-efficacy (B= 0.49, p < 0.001), with spatial visualization explaining approximately 23% of the variance in creative self-efficacy among gifted students. The study concludes that cognitive superiority in spatial ability acts as a cognitive lever that enhances students' affective confidence in their ability to innovate, supporting the hypothesis of reciprocal interaction between creative self-efficacy and spatial visualization ability. The study recommends the integration of intensive and systematic spatial visualization training programs into gifted education curricula, not only to improve technical skills, but also to enhance their creative self-efficacy and support the development of creative human capital to achieve national development goals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nouf Nawar Alotaibi, Huda Shaaban Awed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Role Of The Quality Of The Educational And Physical Environment In Promoting Psychological Resilience And Positive Coping Strategies Among Gifted Students
The quality of the educational and physical environment is one of the factors that greatly affects the mental health and adaptability of students, especially gifted students who have many special cognitive and emotional needs. Despite the numerous studies that have addressed the educational environment or psychological variables among students, research on the integrative relationship between the quality of the spatial environment, psychological immunity, and positive coping strategies among gifted students remains scarce in the Arab context, especially among gifted students in Saudi society. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the relationship between the quality of the educational and spatial environment, psychological resilience, and positive coping strategies among gifted students in southern Saudi Arabia, while analyzing the mediating role of psychological resilience in explaining the relationship between the spatial environment and positive coping. A descriptive correlational approach with a cross-sectional design was used. The study sample consisted of 320 gifted students. Three scales were used to measure the variables, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of the study indicated an increase in the arithmetic means of all variables, and found positive and statistically significant correlations between the quality of the educational environment and psychological resilience, and between psychological resilience and positive coping strategies. The SEM model also confirmed a direct effect of environmental quality on positive coping, in addition to an indirect effect through psychological resilience, indicating partial mediation. The results also indicated that there were no significant differences between cities or genders, while differences in favor of high school students were found in psychological resilience. The results of the current study emphasize the need to design school environments that provide good psychological and normative support, and to develop programs that promote psychological resilience and positive coping. Further longitudinal and objective studies are recommended to interpret causal relationships more accurately.
Historical Development of the Mongolian Ger
The Mongolian ger, a portable felt dwelling, represents not only an architectural form but also a complex embodiment of the nomadic worldview, encompassing social organization, cultural values, economic practices, and aesthetic ideals (Bat-Yar, 2015). Its circular structure, symbolic elements, and practical design reflect a unique integration of functionality and spirituality, making the ger both a living space and a cultural text. This study traces the historical development of the Mongolian ger across different periods, drawing on archaeological evidence, historical chronicles, and ethnographic studies. Special attention is given to the 13th–14th centuries, when the ger served as a central dwelling in the Mongol Empire and demonstrated architectural interconnections with the Yuan dynasty in China. The research also analyzes the continuity of symbolic meanings embedded in structural elements such as the uni (roof poles), toono (crown), and lattice walls, which function not only as technical components but also as cultural metaphors of unity, order, and cosmology. Beyond historical inquiry, the study explores the potential for incorporating traditional ger features into contemporary interior design. By adapting structural patterns, spatial arrangements, and symbolic motifs, modern design practices may both preserve national identity and reinterpret cultural heritage for new generations. Such integration demonstrates that the ger is not a static relic of the past but a dynamic source of inspiration for sustainable and culturally grounded architectural solutions. The findings confirm that the Mongolian ger is more than a practical shelter; it is a multifaceted cultural heritage characterized by technical ingenuity, symbolic systems, and socio-ritual significance (Zhao, 2011; Khurelbaatar, 2018). Moreover, applying its principles to present-day design highlights the enduring relevance of nomadic traditions in shaping innovative, locally rooted approaches to modern living.
Impact of Telemedicine on Patient Satisfaction in the Health Sector: A Literature Review Article
Telemedicine has emerged as a key modality to ensure continuity of medical care, particularly in health emergency contexts such as the COVID-19 pandemic. To synthesize the scientific evidence on its impact on patient satisfaction in the health sector, a systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Databases such as Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost were consulted, identifying 3,157 studies, of which 50 met the inclusion criteria and were selected after a critical reading. Findings reveal that most studies report high satisfaction levels associated with benefits such as accessibility, reduced waiting times, and continuity of care. However, limitations related to the lack of physical interaction, technological barriers, and the need for training were also identified. In conclusion, telemedicine is positioned as an effective and well-accepted tool by patients, especially in contexts with mobility restrictions, highlighting the need for its structural integration into hybrid health systems that prioritize user experience and ensure service quality.
The Role of Government in Developing Ecotourism and Agritourism in Vietnam: A Provincial-Level Analysis
This study examines the role of government intervention in promoting ecotourism and agritourism development across 63 provinces in Vietnam from 2015 to 2023. Despite growing recognition of sustainable tourism's potential, the specific mechanisms through which government policies influence ecotourism and agritourism outcomes remain underexplored in developing country contexts. Using panel data regression with fixed effects and two-stage least squares (2SLS) instrumental variable estimation to address endogeneity concerns, we analyze how government expenditure, regulatory quality, infrastructure investment, and institutional capacity affect tourism sustainability indicators. Our findings reveal that provincial government spending on environmental protection and rural development has significant positive effects on both ecotourism arrivals (β = 0.284,p < 0.01) and agritourism revenue (β = 0.312,p < 0.01). Regulatory quality and institutional capacity emerge as critical moderating factors, with stronger governance amplifying policy effectiveness. However, we identify an inverted U-shaped relationship between government intervention and tourism sustainability, suggesting optimal intervention thresholds beyond which diminishing returns occur. The study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on government-tourism dynamics in a transitional economy context and offers actionable policy recommendations for balancing state guidance with market mechanisms in sustainable tourism development.
Environmental, Social, and Economic Impacts of Transportation on Students and Parents in the State of Kuwait: A Qualitative Study in Light of the Sustainable Development Goals and Kuwait Vision 2035
This qualitative study aimed to explore the environmental, social, and economic impacts of transportation systems on students and their parents in the State of Kuwait, and to analyze the extent to which these impacts align with the Sustainable Development Goals and the "New Kuwait 2035" vision. The study adopted a case study approach and utilized semi-structured interviews as the primary data collection tool. A total of 15 participants from diverse social and professional backgrounds were selected to ensure a broad range of perspectives and experiences. The interviews focused on five main themes that correspond to the study’s research questions: the integration of environmental considerations in transportation planning; the evaluation of social impacts such as safety and school commuting; the economic burden of family transportation; participants’ perceptions of equity in the distribution of transportation services; and the level of awareness regarding the concept and objectives of sustainable transport. The findings revealed significant gaps in the integration between the transportation and education sectors, as well as a lack of geographic and social equity in the distribution of school transport services. Families, particularly in peripheral areas, bear a substantial economic burden. Furthermore, the study identified limited public and institutional awareness of sustainable transport and a lack of planning and assessment tools grounded in environmental and social justice principles.
Sharia Compliance of Zakat Payment on Shares in-joint-stock companies: An Analytical Jurisprudence
This research presents an analytical jurisprudential study of zakat on shares in-joint-stock companies. It explores key elements, including the nature of shares, their jurisprudential classification, and the impact of a shareholder’s intention on the zakat obligation for company shares. The study aims to achieve several objectives, primarily determining who is obligated to pay zakat on shares in companies and identifying the entity responsible for its payment. The findings highlight that zakat on shares is a legal necessity, ensuring the protection of the rights of the poor and safeguarding the integrity of zakat as a fundamental pillar of Islamic finance. Neglecting its proper implementation could lead to the misallocation or loss of zakat funds. Based on these findings, the study strongly recommends the activation and enforcement of zakat payment on shares in joint-stock companies to uphold its intended social and economic impact.
Value Engineering Practices in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review
This study systematically reviews the development and implementation of value engineering (VE) practices in Indonesia to identify research trends, methodological approaches, and key thematic areas. Using the PRISMA framework, 18 relevant studies were retrieved from the Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The findings reveal that VE research in Indonesia remains fragmented, with limited integration between academic studies and industry applications. Most publications focus on construction and infrastructure sectors, emphasizing cost optimization rather than holistic value creation. Methodologically, case studies dominate, while quantitative and decision-support approaches are underrepresented. The review highlights challenges such as the lack of standardized procedures, institutional support, and awareness of VE benefits among practitioners. Strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration, policy support, and methodological diversity is essential to advance VE implementation and research impact in Indonesia.
Innovation In Early Childhood Education Through Curriculum Adaptations For Inclusion And Integral Development
Early childhood education faces the challenge of ensuring inclusive learning processes that respond to children's diversity and promote comprehensive development from the earliest years. However, traditional practices and rigid curriculum models continue to create barriers that limit children's participation, autonomy, and meaningful learning. Given this problem, there is a need to identify how pedagogical innovations and curriculum adaptations can serve as effective mechanisms for strengthening inclusion in early childhood. The objective of this study was to analyze, through a qualitative systematic review, recent evidence (2019–2024) on educational innovations applied in early childhood education and the types of curricular adaptations that promote inclusion and comprehensive development. To this end, the Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, and SciELO databases were consulted, applying PRISMA criteria for document selection and screening. Initially, 146 studies were identified, of which 78 met the criteria of quality, thematic relevance, and methodological rigor. The results show five clear trends in innovation: adapted play, multisensory environments, the use of accessible ICT, inclusive assessment, and family participation as shared educational responsibility. Four types of predominant curricular adaptations were also identified: methodological, access, assessment, and meaningful. The evidence reviewed indicates positive effects on children's social-emotional, cognitive, linguistic, and motor development when these strategies are implemented in a systematic and contextualized manner. It is concluded that curricular adaptations are an essential pillar of inclusive innovation, as they allow for greater flexibility in the curriculum, diversify learning opportunities, and reduce barriers to participation in early childhood education. It is recommended to strengthen teacher training, integrate approaches such as Universal Design for Learning, and promote policies that institutionalize these practices at the curricular and pedagogical levels. This study was developed through a systematic qualitative review of 78 articles published between 2019 and 2024 in Scopus, WOS, ERIC, and SciELO.
Gamification and Universal Design for Learning (UDL): Inclusive Strategies to Enhance Motivation and Academic Performance in Diverse Educational Settings
This study analyzes the impact of integrating gamification and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) as inclusive strategies to enhance motivation and academic performance in diverse educational settings. The research followed a mixed-methods approach, combining a non-experimental quantitative correlational design with a qualitative descriptive-interpretative component. The sample consisted of 120 upper basic and high school students from urban institutions in Ecuador, who participated in an eight-week pedagogical intervention based on gamified activities structured under UDL principles. Data collection involved Likert-scale questionnaires, academic records, semi-structured interviews, and non-participant classroom observation. Results showed a significant increase in students’ motivation levels, with improvements across cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions. Additionally, the average grades rose by 14%, and a positive and significant correlation was found between motivation and academic performance (r = 0.72, p < 0.01). Qualitative findings complemented these outcomes, highlighting students’ perceptions of inclusion, enthusiasm, and active participation. In conclusion, the convergence of gamification and UDL emerges as an effective pedagogical strategy to promote inclusive education by fostering student engagement, diversifying learning experiences, and supporting academic success in heterogeneous contexts.
Co-Designing Immersive Experiences for Cultural Heritage: A User-Centric VR Approach for Intelligent Cultural Tourism
This project introduces a computational, user-centered co-design methodology for creating immersive Virtual Reality (VR) media aimed at augmenting cultural tourism and education at a Khmer heritage site in Surin, Thailand. The study specifically focused on two objectives: (1) to connect digital media with authentic cultural interpretation by incorporating local requirements, and (2) to provide an accessible VR intelligent platform for community empowerment and cultural dissemination. The design thinking paradigm highlighted stakeholder preferences for mobile accessibility, modern aesthetics, and culturally concise narratives in development. The VR prototype for the Si Khor Phum Temple includes 360° tours and interactive 3D models, affirming its function as an accessible Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) instrument. Validation affirmed the system's quality and effectiveness. Expert assessments resulted in an exceptional overall quality rating, achieving flawless marks in linguistic clarity and system reliability. User testing validated elevated satisfaction levels, particularly with engagement. The research presents a proven participatory system design model that illustrates VR's potential as an adaptive tool for immersive education, historical preservation, and a significant driver of community empowerment via locally grounded digital innovation.
Enhanced MobileNetV2 with an Attention Mechanism for Real-Time MRI-Based Brain Tumor Classification: A Deep Learning Approach
This work presents the main steps toward develop- ing a real-time MRI-based classification system, building upon our previous work in deep learning-based classification of brain tumors. We enhance the model scalability and achieve higher computation speed by applying an efficient and lightweight architecture - MobileNetV2. Importantly, it features the inclusion of an attention mechanism, explicitly sharpening the model’s at- tention to relevant image elements, and mixed precision training that maximizes processing speed along with memory use. This approach boosts the robustness and accuracy of tumor detection while concurrently reducing training times. Data augmentation strategies have been refined to make models more generalizable at lower computational cost. Moreover, the learning rate dynamic adjustments are carefully tuned to make the convergence stable and improve the effectiveness of model training more effectively. Our results show significant improvements compared to earlier versions by achieving better recall rates and precision, which remain important metrics in clinical applications where prompt- ness and accuracy of diagnosis is tantamount. We were able to achieve higher stability while maintaining an accuracy of 98% and similar high baselines. The work performed here can be used as a strong aid to improve diagnosis in healthcare and is a giant leap in the use of deep learning technologies for medical imaging. Index Terms—Brain Tumor, CNN Architecture, Deep Learn- ing, Classification, ResNet50, VGG16, Transfer learning.
Convolutional Neural Networks with Quantum Inspiration: An Approach to Improved EEG Signal Processing
The research now proceeds to handle the problems of traditional methods with noise and integrity issues of EEG signals by implementing a quantum-inspired CNN for developing signal processing. The model provides enhanced performance in feature extraction due to the intrinsic manipulation and processing of the sinusoidal signals, made possible with the help of specialized quantum simula- tion layers: Quantum Entanglement and Quantum Calculation. If tested on a tailored dataset, the model will show considerable improvements compared to tra- ditional signal processing techniques. It can turn out to be useful for biomedical engineering, audio processing, and telecommunications. It will support improve- ments in the quality of signal processing while furthering research into how quantum computing elements could be implemented within established neural architectures.
Empirical Evidence of Multicultural Learning Model Effectiveness in Improving Student Learning and Cultural Cohesion in Isolated Toraja Communities
The objective of this study is to know the effect of the use of the Multicultural Learning Model on increasing the learning capacity of students in isolated areas, Bau Village, Tana Toraja and its Impact on Strengthening Local Community Institutions. This study uses a mixed approach that combines surveys, interviews, and learning model development. The research employed pre-experimental studies to assess the effectiveness of multicultural learning models, alongside case studies and observational methods to explore their impact on local institutions in Toraja. Respondents included students, teachers, parents, and community leaders. Research instruments used were academic tests, classroom observations, and interviews. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including t-tests to compare student performance, and qualitative thematic analysis to identify patterns in respondents' perceptions of the model’s impact. The study confirms that the multicultural learning model improves the learning capacity of students in Bau Tana Village is in line with previous research which shows that an inclusive educational approach to local culture is essential in increasing participation, motivation, and learning achievement in often marginalized areas. Moreover, multicultural education can be a powerful tool to strengthen a sense of togetherness, increase community participation, and build a close relationship between education and cultural heritage.
Mapping the Intellectual Landscape of Digital Governance: Trends, Thematic Development, and Global Research Networks
This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to map the evolution, intellectual structure, and research frontiers of Digital Governance (DG) from 2014 to 2025. Using the Scopus database and the Bibliometrix package in R, a total of 270 journal articles were analyzed following the PRISMA protocol. The results reveal a steady growth in DG publications, particularly after 2020, driven by global digital transformation initiatives and the expanding role of artificial intelligence in governance. Thematic and co-occurrence analyses identify three dominant clusters: (1) institutional and administrative transformation in public governance, (2) technological and ethical innovation, including AI, data ethics, and algorithmic accountability, and (3) sustainability-oriented digital governance. Network analyses highlight China, the United States, and the United Kingdom as leading contributors with strong transnational collaboration, while emerging economies such as Indonesia, India, and Brazil are increasingly active in this field. The study concludes that DG has evolved into a mature, interdisciplinary domain that bridges governance, technology, and society. Future research should focus on exploring institutional sensemaking, policy learning, and adaptive governance to better understand how digital transformation reshapes public value creation, accountability, and inclusivity across diverse contexts.
Beyond Silicon Valley: Bandung's Ecosystem Approach to Digital Economic Development
The implementation of the digital economy in Bandung City reflects the synergy between entrepreneurship and technology in driving economic growth. As a creative city, Bandung has leveraged digital technology to strengthen its strategic sectors. Economic acceleration follows an approach adapted from the IMF, ADB, and G20, with operational adjustments tailored to local conditions. Sector analysis is conducted using qualitative techniques with nominal or ordinal scales to measure qualitative variables. Clustering and ranking methods are applied to categorize sectors based on specific criteria, facilitating the identification of priority interventions. The findings indicate that the information and communication sector serves as the primary driver of economic growth in Bandung City. Additionally, the city demonstrates strong MSME diversification, particularly in the food, beverage, and fashion industries. This diversification enhances the resilience of MSMEs against economic crises. Although most MSMEs remain micro-scale with low income levels, they possess growth potential if supported by appropriate policies. The adoption of digital technology has progressed rapidly in marketing and payment systems; however, its application in production and design remains limited and requires further development to enhance business competitiveness.
An Interdisciplinary Review and Synthesis of Applied Linguistics in Translation Studies: Bridging Gaps and Advancing Research
This study explores the translation gap interconnected by three disciplines: applied linguistics, cognitive linguistics, sociolinguistic adaptation, and artificial intelligence (AI). This aims to address theoretical shortcomings and methodological limitations and build comprehensive models of cross-linguistic translation consistency, accuracy, and cultural adaptation. This study adopts a systematic review of four dimensions: cross-linguistic socio-cognitive discourse mediation, negotiation, AI-assisted translation frameworks, and interdisciplinary conceptual frameworks. It compares models and identification techniques to explore translation methodologies and potentially identify accuracy issues in discourse. The results demonstrate that AI enhances the range of operational possibilities for translation without compromising cultural ideology. However, its discourse is not sufficiently fluid and lacks a complete understanding of the context in some cases. Gaps in pragmatic management, voice bias, and excessive autonomy also highlight the need for human intervention in discourse control and for integrating AI results to achieve greater accuracy in cross-linguistic translation. However, dialogue must be reframed: voice roles must be adjusted to suit the context; more innovative revision processes must be implemented; Develop a coherent policy for regulating ethical content from now on, and continue to develop collaborative human input to ensure its integration. By employing sociolinguistic precision alongside multidisciplinary strategies, adopting progressive support manuals at all levels, and implementing translator training programs, a standard for cultural integration will be strengthened.
Talismans: Forms and Processes of Creating New Meanings in The Lower Isaan Region
This study aims to 1) study the historical background of talismans in the Lower Northeast, 2) study the forms of talismans in the Lower Isaan Region, and 3) study the processes of creating new meanings for talismans in the Lower Isaan Region. The population and sample for this study are the Lower Isaan Region. Data collection tools included a survey, observation form, and interview form. The study employed the concept of mythology and the integration of beliefs, folklore theory, cultural diffusion theory, aesthetics theory, and semiotics theory as analytical frameworks. From the study, talismans in the Lower Isaan Region can be classified into two types: natural talismans, such as elephant tusks, python fangs, Lek Lai, Kod, and boar tusks; and human-made talismans, such as Takrud, beeswax, exorcist's knives, Nang Gwok, and Bia Kae. These beliefs are fundamentally rooted in faith in supernatural powers, which have been deeply embedded in the way of life since ancient times, linked to Animism, Hinduism, and Buddhism. Currently, these beliefs continue to strongly influence the way of life in the Lower Isaan Region, adapting to modern times. New meanings are created through storytelling, media promotion, rituals, interpretation by outsiders, and economic exchange, integrating various forms of beliefs in terms of shapes, materials, creation processes, and functions. The changes and creation of new meanings reflect efforts to adapt to contemporary demands. Nevertheless, preserving the original meanings of these talismans remains crucial to ensure the continuation of this valuable cultural heritage.
The Impact Of Management Information Systems On Management Decision-Making In Saudi Arabian Firms
Information has developed as a vital reserve for managing contemporary organizations, since today’s commercial environment is instable, dynamic, tempestuous, and necessitates the escalating demand for precise, relevant, wide-ranging, well-timed, and cost-effective information needed to get-up-and-go the decision-making method in order to emphasize organizational capabilities to manage opportunities and pressures. Unfortunately, Saudi Arabian organizations have generally lagged behind as compared to developed countries in developing and implementing MIS for management decision-making. This research paper is a reflection of the collective discourse available in the literature regarding the relationship between management information systems and managerial decision-making and their impact on Saudi organizations. A thorough development and organization of MIS in an organization is capable of activating choices that would not only be debauched and precise but would be in streak with industry best practices and eventually result in organizational competence and efficiency in Saudi Arabian organizations.
Walkability As A Tool To Enhance Urban & Architecture Environment Quality In Jeddah Food Market
This research study walkability in Jeddah's food market, to use it as a tool to improve urban and architecture environment, it addresses pedestrian access, safety, comfort, and enjoyment to analyze environment quality. The method used is based on Jeff Speck's walkability ideas guides the work. By using field surveys plus the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS), the research reviews three areas - main entrances, main routes, internal circulation in addition to transition buffers. It finds gaps in infrastructure and problems in the user experience related to urban form and architecture. The study offers evidence-based rules. These include quick actions like shade structures but also vendor zoning; they also cover medium term upgrades such as sidewalk rebuilding and added amenities. Long-term connections to Saudi Vision 2030's lasting movement goals build safer, more comfortable and architecturally responsive next to economically lively local market spaces. More pedestrian activity, fewer vehicle conflicts, higher user satisfaction, as well as stronger local economies are expected. This shows walkability's power to drive change.
Assessing the Role of IFRS for SMEs in Enhancing Accounting Quality and Economic Efficiency Among Architectural Enterprises Somalia
The primary aim of this study was to assess the role of the International Financial Reporting Standards for Small and Medium-sized Entities (IFRS for SMEs) in enhancing accounting quality and economic efficiency among architectural enterprises in Somalia. A quantitative research design with a descriptive and explanatory approach was employed. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 384 respondents selected via stratified random sampling from architectural SMEs operating in major Somali cities. The instrument’s validity and reliability were confirmed through expert review and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients above 0.70. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analyses were conducted using SPSS version 27 to test the hypothesized relationships among awareness, accounting quality, financial management practices, regulation, and economic efficiency. The results revealed that all independent variables such as awareness of IFRS for SMEs, accounting quality, financial management practices, and regulation had significant and positive effects on economic efficiency (p < 0.05). The model explained 54% of the variance in economic efficiency (R² = 0.540), with regulation emerging as the strongest predictor (β = 0.397, p < 0.001). The findings suggest that improved awareness and informal application of IFRS for SMEs, coupled with sound financial management and supportive regulatory frameworks, substantially enhance the performance and sustainability of architectural firms in Somalia. The study concludes that adopting IFRS for SMEs principles can serve as a strategic instrument for strengthening financial transparency, decision-making, and economic growth in Somalia’s architectural sector.
Strategy to Strengthen Sustainable Waste Management Policy in Lhokseumawe City Tourist Destinations
Lhokseumawe City, as one of the tourist destinations in Aceh Province, faces serious challenges in waste management that are increasing along with the growth in the number of tourists and population. Although there has been a policy through Qanun Number 9 of 2015 that prioritizes the 3R principle (reduce, reuse, recycle), its implementation still encounters significant obstacles. This study aims to analyze the implementation of waste management policies in Lhokseumawe, identify the main obstacles, and formulate more effective strategies for sustainable waste management. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with case studies, which involves in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis. The results of the study show that the main obstacles faced are weak law enforcement, limited waste management facilities, and lack of active community participation. In addition, the lack of adequate budget and infrastructure also exacerbates this situation. Therefore, to achieve more effective waste management, it is necessary to increase the budget of the hygiene sector, improve infrastructure, as well as cross-sector collaboration and community empowerment. This research provides strategic recommendations for the Lhokseumawe City government to improve waste management policies to support tourism sustainability and the quality of the city's environment.
From Governance to Action: The Mediating Role of Operational Practices in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Higher Education
This study explains the causal mechanism linking Risk Management Practices (RMP) to specific Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) outcomes within higher education. Using PLS-SEM on a survey of 210 Thai administrators, we test a new mediation model. The findings indicate that strategic "drivers" (Risk Governance & Strategy) have no direct impact on sustainability. Instead, their influence is fully mediated by operational "mechanisms" (Risk Performance & Monitoring). These mechanisms are the significant direct predictors for both Operational & Environmental outcomes (related to SDG 7, 9, 11, & 12) and Social & People outcomes (related to SDG 3, 5, & 8). This study provides a new process model, proving that strategy must be translated into operational action to achieve tangible sustainability results.