Architectural Image Studies (E-ISSN:2184-8645) is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal that explores the visual, cultural, technological, social, economic, and managerial dimensions of architecture. Adopting a multidisciplinary perspective, AIS brings together architecture, urban studies, economics, management, heritage, arts, social sciences, and digital technologies to understand how the built environment is conceived, represented, experienced, governed, and sustained. We believe architecture is more than form and function — it is a cultural and economic asset, shaped by complex interactions between design, policy, markets, communities, and technology. AIS publishes original research articles, theoretical explorations, visual essays, practice-based case studies, and critical reviews. The journal especially welcomes work that connects design thinking with economic development, urban governance, tourism management, and cultural industries. Our Areas of Interest Include: Architectural Representation & Media – Drawings, photography, film, digital rendering, photogrammetry, AI-generated visualizations. Urbanism & Spatial Studies – Urban planning, infrastructure, mobility, public space governance. Cultural Heritage & History – Heritage management, preservation economics, restoration policy, memory studies. Sustainability & Environmental Design – Green architecture, climate-responsive planning, adaptive reuse, resilience strategies. Art–Architecture Intersections – Public art, installations, creative collaborations in spatial contexts. Digital Technologies & Innovation – VR/AR, 3D scanning, computational design, smart environments, BIM systems. Social & Cultural Perspectives – Inclusivity, participatory planning, community-led development, spatial justice. Economics of Architecture & Urban Development – Real estate markets, architectural entrepreneurship, cost-benefit analysis in design. Management & Policy in the Built Environment – Urban governance, cultural tourism management, infrastructure project management, policy frameworks. Interdisciplinary Approaches – Anthropology, sociology, philosophy, psychology, cultural geography in built environment studies. Please submit your article as an email attachment to editor@ap2.pt
Building Organizational Performance through Trust-Based Leader Member Exchange: Evidence from Rattan SMEs
This study examines how Amanah-based Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) enhances organizational performance by emphasizing trust as a central relational mechanism in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Drawing on Social Exchange Theory and relational leadership perspectives, the study addresses an important gap in the LMX literature by positioning trust not merely as an outcome, but as a key pathway through which leadership relationships translate into performance outcomes. The research focuses on labor-intensive rattan SMEs in Solo Raya, Indonesia, where organizational performance depends heavily on close leader–employee interactions and relational coordination. Using a quantitative explanatory design, data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of 189 employees working in rattan SMEs. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the proposed model linking three dimensions of Amanah-based LMX (respect, obligation, and trust) to affective commitment and organizational performance. The results demonstrate strong explanatory power, with the model explaining 78.6% of the variance in organizational performance and 74.5% in affective commitment.The findings reveal that Amanah Trust is the most influential predictor of affective commitment and organizational performance, both directly and indirectly through affective commitment. Respect and obligation dimensions also show positive direct effects on commitment and performance, although their indirect effects through affective commitment are weaker or non-significant. These results indicate that trust serves as the primary relational catalyst that converts ethical and supportive leadership behaviors into sustained performance outcomes in SMEs. This study contributes to the leadership literature by extending Leader–Member Exchange theory through the integration of Amanah-based trust as a central explanatory mechanism, offering a culturally grounded yet broadly applicable framework for understanding leadership effectiveness in resource-constrained organizational contexts. Practically, the findings underscore the importance of trust-oriented leadership development for enhancing commitment-driven performance in SMEs operating in competitive and uncertain environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 R. Djayendra Dewa, Heru Sulistyo, Asyari . https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Moderating Roles of Safety Communication on the Relationship between Safety Practices and Safety Performance in Nigeria Construction Companies
When compared to other industries, the construction business has a higher workplace death rate. In addition, achieving zero accidents requires substantial effort. This study therefore aims to investigate how safety communication influences the relationship between key safety practices and safety performance in Nigeria construction companies. Safety management involvement, risk perception, safety training, safety culture, and safety motivation as the key safety practices considered in this study are to be moderated by safety communication respectively with respects to safety performance. Questionnaires were distributed to Nigerian construction employees from the selected construction companies located in Lagos state, Nigeria using simple random and convenience sampling while structural equation modelling was employed as the analysis technique. The results showed that, perceived management commitment, safety training, safety motivation and risk perception have direct significant relationship with safety performance with the exception of safety culture. However, the study revealed that safety communication moderates the relationship between safety motivation only from all the safety practices and safety performance. By highlighting the importance of safety communication for any effective and strategic implementation in improving safety performance through the deployment of the considered safety practices, the tenets of the behavior-based safety (BBS) theory are validated.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bright Udoka Obiekwe, Ahmad Jusoh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Khorchin Shamanic Attire: Ritual Functions, Symbolism, and Socio-Religious Influences
The vestments utilized in shamanic rituals constitute a crucial component of tangible cultural heritage, signifying the shaman’s function in communicating with spirits and deities, as well as their socio-cultural status. The attire of the Khorchin shaman is characterized by a complex structure, comprising an inner deel (traditional robe), a ritual waistcoat (vest), a belt, headgear, boots, and auxiliary accouterments such as mirrors and bells. Each of these elements carries distinct symbolism and ritual functions.This study aims to analyze the structure, craftsmanship, artistic design of the embellishments, and the symbolic system of Khorchin shamanic attire from an ethnological and cultural studies perspective, with a view to determining the influence of regional historical context and socio- religious factors.Research findings indicate that the ritual attire of the Khorchin shaman is not merely a protective apparatus, but rather a complex ethno-aesthetic system of ritual performance. It serves to channel the efficacy of the ongod (ancestral spirits), amplify the potency of ritualistic actions, and facilitate the psychological concentration of the practitioner.By analyzing holistically the typologies, construction, aesthetic forms, and symbolic structures of Khorchin shamanic attire, this article elucidates how these elements have evolved in alignment with traditional shamanic rituals and cultural systems. This analysis provides a significant contribution to the fields of Mongolian shamanic studies and historical costume research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chao Bo Yang, Oyun-Erdene Baasan, Azzaya Chimedbat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Islamic Education Planning to Create Superior Character in the Society 5.0 Era for Students
This study aims to describe the planning of Islamic education in realizing the superior and religious character of MTs Al-Wahdah Kendari students in the Society 5.0 era. A naturalistic qualitative approach was employed through observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis from September 2024 to January 2025. Informants included the head of the foundation, madrasah leaders, teachers, committee members, parents, students, and representatives from the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The results of the study show: (1) planning begins with determining the direction–goals–strategies based on the vision of “Religious and Excellent” and is formulated participatory through internal deliberations and parent forums; (2) the strategy for achieving targets is realized through an integrative-holistic curriculum that internalizes Islamic values in all subjects, reinforced by extracurricular activities and madrasah culture as moral habits; (3) technology is adopted in a non-technocentric (human-centered) manner for coordination, program visualization, learning, and reporting, as well as being used as a value fence so that cyberspace risks can be managed through Islamic ethics. This integration of values-programs-technology supports eight superior student characters: critical-creative, communication-collaboration, digital literacy, adaptive and lifelong learning, religious, entrepreneurial, problem-solving, and global-intercultural awareness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wa Ode Reni, Anwar Hafid, Nanik Hindaryatiningsih, Abdul Halim Momo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Ambiguities in the Implementation of Human Rights Protection for Sunda Wiwitan Adherents: A Critical Review
Amid various social and legal challenges, critical philosophical perspectives offer valuable tools for analysis and resolution. Such perspectives may also be applied to the situation experienced by adherents of Sunda Wiwitan in Kuningan Regency, West Java. This study focuses on the following research question: How can the critical views of selected philosophers be utilized to address the ambiguity in the implementation of human rights protection for Sunda Wiwitan adherents in Kuningan Regency following Constitutional Court Decision No. 97/PUU-XIV/2016?This research employs critical thinking approaches derived from Paul Ricoeur, G. W. F. Hegel, Jeremy Bentham, and Charles Taylor. In social, national, and state life, the interpretation of laws and regulations, international conventions, and social phenomena must consider the interests of all stakeholders without excluding minority groups. Such interpretation should be directed toward achieving the common good and a better shared life. State administrative officials, in performing their respective functions, should be guided by integrity and authenticity. Through integrity and authenticity, state officials are not easily swayed by currents that promote attitudes inconsistent with the Constitution. In this way, the fundamental rights of all citizens can be effectively protected.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agustinus Supriyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Role of Competency in Mediating the Impact of Training, Education, and Personal Characteristics on Successful Crew Recruitment in Indonesian Shipping Companies
This study examines the determinants of successful crew recruitment in Indonesian shipping companies by analyzing the direct and indirect effects of training, education, and personal characteristics through competency as a mediating variable. Using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS), data from 165 HR division employees across Indonesian shipping companies were analyzed. The outer model evaluation confirmed convergent validity (factor loadings >0.70, AVE >0.50), discriminant validity (Fornell-Larcker criterion and HTMT), and reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha >0.70, Composite Reliability >0.70). The inner model demonstrated strong predictive power with R² values of 0.684 for competency and 0.726 for recruitment success. Hypothesis testing revealed that training, education, and personal characteristics significantly and positively influence both competency and successful crew recruitment. Furthermore, competency significantly mediates these relationships, with mediation effects confirmed through bootstrapping analysis (p <0.05, t >1.96). The findings indicate that competency serves as a critical linking mechanism transforming human capital investments and individual attributes into recruitment success. This research contributes to maritime human resource management theory by demonstrating a dual-pathway model and provides practical implications for enhancing crew selection processes through competency development programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Neng Sri Komala, Muhammad Thamrin, Prasadja Ricardianto, Endri Endri, Edi Abdurachman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Scientific production on climate change in Peru, a bibliometric study 2001-2025
Climate change is one of the major contemporary global challenges, with impacts on territories and societies, particularly in highly vulnerable countries like Peru. In this context, this article aims to analyze the scientific output on climate change in Peru during the period 2001–2025, through a bibliometric study designed to characterize its evolution, impact, collaboration patterns, and main predominant thematic approaches. A quantitative, descriptive, and analytical approach was adopted, based on bibliometric techniques applied to the Scopus database. The final corpus consisted of 867 scientific articles analyzed using the Bibliometrix and Biblishiny software. The results show sustained growth in scientific productivity with a marked intensification since the last decade, as well as a high level of participation in international collaboration networks. In terms of impact, a concentration of citations and h-index is observed among a small number of authors, institutions, and journals with global reach. The thematic analysis reveals a predominance of the socio-environmental approach, focusing on the Andean territory, biodiversity, deforestation, and the interactions between human and non-human dimensions. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate the consolidation of climate change as a priority research field in Peru and underscore the need to strengthen interdisciplinary studies that integrate the analysis of the built environment, territorial planning, and architecture in the face of current climate challenges.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yudi Janeh Yucra-Mamani, Rolando Esteban Rodriguez-Huamani, César Eleodoro Del Carpio-Flores, Mario Silva-Dueñas, Walker Ernesto Aragón-Cruz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Numerical Investigation of Different Failure Mechanisms in Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Laminates with Emphasis on Delamination
The current study provides an exhaustive insight into the progressive failure modes of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) laminates, especially delamination. Using progressive failure analysis (P.F.A.) analysis within a Finite Element Method framework. A detailed of numerical modeling approach was employed that tracked specific failure chronologies, including first ply failure (FPF), delamination initiation, and ultimate failure, for configurations like open-hole tension (O.H.T.) specimens and laminates with different stacking sequences, in addition, energy dissipation predictions quantified the contributions of different failure modes, such as fiber fracture/kinking and matrix cracking/crushing and in-plane shear failure and Mode I/II/III delamination. The effect of stacking sequence optimization on delamination resistance and overall structural performance was investigated through parametric studies. The P.F.A. model predictions were also compared with simplified analytical models and fictitious test data, showing notably better ability to capture the multiple coupling of damage modes. the findings reveal that delamination acts as an interacting and potentially life-limiting failure mode and can provide substantial guidance for the composite design optimization and structural reliability improvements.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hayder Abdul Hadi Abdul Razzaq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Housing Affordability and Livability in Baghdad: A Spatial Analysis of Supply–Demand Mismatch
This study investigates the incongruity between housing supply and demand in Baghdad, Iraq, using a combined-methods framework that synthesizes affordability, spatial distribution, and service sufficiency. The study integrates quantitative data from online surveys, qualitative perspectives from GIS-based spatial analysis of residential complexes, and People's opinions from discussions on social media. To outline a more thorough assessment, the study puts forward a composite suitability indicator that evaluates the dual aspects of affordability and, using price classes as a proxy for purchasing power, the adequacy of basic services, measured by a service-availability score (0–5) for schools, mosques, health centers, markets, and green spaces. Projects are classified into three suitability levels—highly suitable, suitable, and not suitable—based on these combined criteria. The findings show a structural imbalance in Baghdad’s housing market, with most supply concentrated in high-priced categories and few projects meeting the demand of middle- and low-income households. The spatial analysis shows that attention remains focused on the city’s core, while outlying areas receive limited, lower-quality services. The study also points out that high-rise residential buildings are common, though they often don’t match residents' preferences—many prefer more adaptable homes that are spread out horizontally. These economic, service-related, and spatial mismatches increase housing exclusion and weaken social equity and urban quality of life. The study concludes by offering policy recommendations to encourage affordable housing through incentives, promote planning that integrates services into projects on the city’s outskirts, and support adaptable designs that align with local culture. These steps aim to help make urban development fairer to all.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zahraa Nadhim Rwayad, Ahmed Natiq Al-Shammaa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Private University Competitiveness Model Based on Resource Based View
This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of Private Higher Education Institutions (PTS) in Kendari City through the Resource-Based View (RBV) perspective and an integrative theoretical framework that includes institutional theory, contingency theory, and Porter's theory. The study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection through in-depth interviews, observations, and institutional document reviews. The results show that the competitive advantage of PTS in Kendari stems from a combination of valuable, rare, inimitable, and organized (VRIO) internal resources, such as lecturer quality, leadership, facilities, superior curriculum, and external partnership networks. However, limited funding, varying human resource quality, and public perception are major obstacles in creating sustainable excellence. The resulting integrative model shows that PTS competitiveness depends not only on internal resource management, but also on institutional legitimacy, adaptation to external dynamics, and cross-sector collaborative strategies. These findings provide theoretical contributions in extending the RBV to the dynamic and contextual context of higher education, as well as practical implications for strengthening PTS resource and collaboration strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Factors Affecting Reducing Tax Evasion in the Service Sector: Case Study of Income and Sales Tax Department in Jordan
This study sought to understand the factors that influence the perception of the extent of tax evasion in the service industry from the viewpoint of income and sales tax auditors. In attempting the study objectives, the study based itself on the descriptive and analytical methods. The population of the study consisted of the auditors of the Income Tax Department of Jordan, of which the auditors in the General Directorate of Administration in Amman are 290. A random sample of 172 participants was chosen, and their responses to electronically distributed questionnaires were analyzed. Several statistical methods were utilized to process the data. The study concluded with the presence of the factors affecting tax evasion (legal, technological, ethical, and organizational) and the role they play in tax evasion in the service industry from the perspective of income and sales tax auditors. The study recommended establishing tax legislation that is more stringent to eliminate loopholes and increase punishments.
The Role of Positive Thinking in Mediating the Influence of Work Involvement, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment transmitted from Self-Efficacy on the Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Madrasah Principals in Kendari City in the Religious
This study aims to analyze the influence of self-efficacy on the Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of madrasah principals in Kendari City, both directly and indirectly through work engagement, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and positive thinking. This study uses a quantitative approach with an ex-post facto design. The population in this study were all 90 public and private madrasah principals in Kendari City, so the sampling technique used was a census. Data collection was carried out through a closed questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale and supported by interviews to strengthen the quantitative findings. Data analysis was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that self-efficacy, work engagement, and positive thinking had a positive and significant effect on the OCB of madrasah principals, while job satisfaction and organizational commitment had a positive but insignificant effect. Furthermore, job engagement was proven to be able to significantly mediate the effect of self-efficacy on OCB, while job satisfaction and organizational commitment did not play a significant role as single mediators. However, job satisfaction mediated by positive thinking showed a significant mediating role, while the combination of work engagement and positive thinking and organizational commitment and positive thinking showed no significant effect. This finding confirms that strengthening the OCB of madrasah principals is not only determined by self-confidence, but is also greatly influenced by work engagement and a positive mindset in facing organizational demands and limitations. This study provides theoretical implications for the development of organizational behavior studies in the field of education as well as practical implications for improving the effectiveness of madrasah principals' leadership in supporting educational quality and religious moderation programs.
From the History of School Education Development in Kyrgyzstan and China in the 20th Century: A Comparative Analysis
This study contributes to the field of comparative education by providing unique case analyses. By comparing the education systems of countries that are rarely analyzed together, it enriches scientific knowledge about global educational trends, common patterns, and the characteristics of educational development under different cultural and political conditions.To improve the quality of education, Kyrgyzstan needs to increase investment in educational resources, optimize the allocation of these resources, enhance teacher training, and promote the internationalization and modernization of education.Problems still exist in areas such as the theoretical foundations, research paradigms, and intrinsic motivations of Chinese education. Summarizing and reflecting on the development of the discipline of education requires more longitudinal attention to its contemporary significance, focusing on serving the higher aims of human educational development and contributing Chinese wisdom; in a horizontal sense, it also requires further exploration of its inclusive value and making continuous efforts in building an academic community and enhancing the intrinsic motivation of the discipline.In the end, the comparative approach we adopted opened up new perspectives and enabled us to gain unique insights that could not be obtained by studying each country individually.
Strategic Priorities of Poverty Alleviation and Reducing The Prevalence of Undernourishment in Central Java
In the Draft Regional Regulation of the Central Java Province RPJPD 2025-2045, Central Java Province has a vision as a national food support. However, Central Java as a national food provider has a handful of food problems. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the PoU value of Central Java has tended to increase since 2018. This means that the population of Central Java who consume substandard food is increasing every year. The increase in the PoU value in Central Java could be due to the high poverty rate in Central Java, which makes it unable to access food. This study aims to further analyze Central Java's strategy to maintain food security in order to reduce the poverty rate and PoU value. The analysis method uses Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis with food security measurements from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), namely access, stability, utilization and availability. The results showed that Improving the quality of food crops (Rank 1; GW 0.145), Developing weather modification technology (Rank 2; GW 0.085) and On-farm and off-farm expansion (Rank 3; GW 0.085) are the top priority policy strategies that Central Java can do in reducing the PoU value and reducing poverty. Market guarantee (Rank 15; GW 0.023), Ease of distribution of food crops (Rank 14; GW 0.034), and Improving food market information and transparency (Rank 13; GW 0.034) can be used as supporting strategies to reduce the value of PoU and alleviate poverty in Central Java in the long term.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika Prajanti, Syaiful Amin, Tania Wicaksana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Microservices-Based Architecture for an AI-Driven Social Listening System Supporting Internship Preparation
Internships in education are a necessary step between education and work life, but students face difficulties when making this transition. The paper describes i-listening, an intelligent listening social application created to improve pre-internship preparation. Through cutting-edge Artificial Intelligence techniques, such as Natural Language Processing, machine learning, and predictive analytics, the platform helps students to get actionable feedback about the workplace culture, industry trends, and employer expectations. This allows acquisition of practical and industry-based skills and competencies that can be helpful in the successful internship experiences. The paper identifies two key contributions in the study, namely the development and deployment of the i-listening application using advanced IT architecture, and its capacity to support recruits (management and IT students) into the workplace with less resistance. The results indicate that it is an AI-based paradigm of transformative pre-internship education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Surekha Lanka, David Van Brecht, Martin Feichtenschlager, Vasileios Prassas, Ponglert Ponglertnapakorn, Jarupat Wongsangiam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Optimizing Oil Palm Plantation Land in an Effort to Increase Productivity in Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province
This study aims to map the productivity of oil palm plantations in Pandeglang Regency in 2023. The methods that used including GIS (Geographic Information System) analysis and a descriptive-quantitative approach. The research methods include GIS analysis to visualize and analyze spatial data, and a descriptive-quantitative approach to evaluate productivity levels based on available data. The GIS analysis stages include collecting spatial data from official sources like BPS and Department of Agriculture, processing the data using software such as ArcGIS, and field validation to ensure the data accuracy. Data that have been collected includes oil palm plantation area, administrative boundaries, and oil palm production data. From this research show productivity levels in various regions of Pandeglang Regency. The resulting productivity distribution map identifies areas with high and low production levels, providing important insights for decision-making. This research is expected to provide recommendations for increasing production efficiency and yields, such as improving cultivation techniques and resource management. With this approach, it is hoped that oil palm plantation productivity can be increased sustainably.
Artificial Neural Networks for Predicting Energy Performance and Consumption in Buildings: A Comprehensive Review
As the world's population, urban infrastructure, and technological capabilities continue to expand rapidly, so does the demand for energy. This paper aims to emphasize the importance of prioritizing energy efficiency in new buildings and enhancing the energy performance of existing structures. This study reviews various machine learning (ML) models and their applications in building energy forecasting, comparing and contrasting their effectiveness. In recent years, ML approaches, particularly Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), have been proposed for predicting energy consumption and performance in buildings. This paper discusses these models in the context of building energy forecasting. Furthermore, it explores the application of digital twins beyond the construction industry, highlighting their potential benefits in asset lifecycle management and optimization. By providing a comprehensive reviews of ML models and exploring the potential of digital twins, this research contributes to developing effective strategies for reducing energy consumption in the building sector.
Systematic Literature Review On Social Support System For Labor Market Participation Of Mothers
Motherhood penalty refers to the negative impact of maternity on women’s career, which implicates the inferior status of women in labor market. To improve women’s situation in labor market participation, multiple social support measures should be introduced including sharing childcare responsibility and career sustaining to help mothers achieve a work-family balance. This study aims to systematically review and analyze the social practice applied to support mothers’ labor force participation. By adopting a scoping review method, this study uses Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar as the main database in searching for relevant articles. The thematic analysis uncovers the constitution of current social support system for mothers’ labor market participation, which crosses the public and private sphere, as well as its multiple functions, which potentially provide framework for future research in this topic related fields.
Analysis Of Factors Affecting The Acceptance Of Pt. Sicepat Ekspres Indonesia's Mobile Application Using The Utaut Method
The rapid digital transformation in the logistics industry has accelerated the adoption of mobile applications to improve service efficiency and user experience. Despite technological advances, user adoption of the SiCepat Ekspres mobile application in Indonesia remains stagnant, indicating a gap between innovation and user acceptance. This study extends the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) by integrating Task-Technology Fit (TTF) and Trust to analyze mobile application adoption in the logistics industry. A survey of 620 users was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS), showing that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions significantly influence behavioral intention. Furthermore, task-technology fit and trust are key factors that drive both behavioral intention and use behavior. These findings contribute to the technology adoption literature and provide strategic recommendations for enhancing user trust through system reliability and a smoother user experience, ensuring higher engagement and long-term adoption.
Indian Regulatory Frameworks and Accessibility in Heritage Sites: A Comparative Analysis with International Standards
Ensuring accessibility in heritage sites requires balancing cultural integrity with universal design imperatives (ICOMOS, 1993; ICOMOS, 2011). This paper examines whether Indian regulatory frameworks sufficiently address accessibility compared to international benchmarks (ADA, 2010; United Nations, 2006). A mixed-method design approach was adopted: (i) policy and content analysis of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (2016), National Building Code (2016), and Archaeological Survey of India guidelines against the Americans with Disabilities Act (2010) and ICOMOS charters; (ii) bibliometric analysis of 142 Scopus-indexed publications (1982–2025) on accessibility and heritage. Results reveal that Indian frameworks provide only partial and non-enforceable provisions, lacking typology-specific guidance, whereas international standards are comprehensive and enforceable. Bibliometric findings confirm this gap: Indian-focused publications (n = 6) showed a mean accessibility coverage ratio of 0.013, significantly lower than international-focused studies (n = 25; mean 0.042; Welch’s t = −2.56, p = 0.023). Expert consensus highlighted weak enforcement, insufficient typology sensitivity, and poor institutional coordination. The findings from the study conclude that Indian frameworks inadequately address accessibility in heritage contexts, underscoring the need for policy reform, building typology-specific standards, mandatory enforcement and stakeholder-driven implementation.
Seeing Buildings Without Building Knowledge: How Laypeople Interpret Architectural Images in the Digital Age
This study explores how everyday people perceive and interpret architectural images in our media-saturated world. Moving beyond traditional expert-focused research, it reveals a crucial shift toward understanding emotional and cultural responses from the general public. Using qualitative methods, the research shows non-experts rely on intuitive frameworks rather than formal design principles when evaluating buildings online. The research argues that architects and urban planners must integrate public perception into their work. This approach fosters inclusive communication and strengthens societal connection with architecture. Understanding how everyday people experience buildings in digital spaces creates opportunities for more meaningful, accessible design dialogue.
Text-to-Image Models in Digital Illustration Generation: A Performance Evaluation
Traditional methods for text-to-image in digital illustration generation are with limitations, necessitating state-of-the-art models in digital illustration generation. However, the performance of these state-of-the art models has not been comprehensively evaluated. In this paper, the performance of GPT-4o, DALL•E 3, and Midjourney were manually evaluated as three important text-to-image models. By using 10 simple prompts and 10 complex prompts, 180 illustrations were generated and evaluated across three criteria, including artistic expression, semantic control, and workflow flexibility. Experimental results show that no single model can dominate all aspects of digital illustration generation. Instead, GPT-4o and DALL•E 3 are best choice for illustrations that are structured and instruction-filled, such as UI sketches, storyboards, and educational diagrams. Midjourney has no rival in generating illustration that is visually rich, cinematic, and stylistic. The findings in this paper suggest using the desired balance between artistic expression, semantic control, and workflow flexibility when choosing models for text-to-image in digital illustration generation.
Architectural Imagery and Ethnic Narratives: Representations of Physical, Psychological, and Verbal Oppression in the Films 12 Years a Slave and Hidden Figures
Background. The representation of racial oppression in film is constructed not only through narrative and dialogue, but also through the construction of space and architectural imagery. Space and buildings serve as visual media that reflect power relations, segregation, and social control within specific historical contexts. Aim. This study aims to analyze the role of architectural imagery in shaping ethnic narratives that represent physical, psychological, and verbal oppression in the films 12 Years a Slave and Hidden Figures. Methods. The study uses an ethnonarrative approach by analyzing space, buildings, and visual design as narrative elements. The analysis focuses on the relationship between spatial representation and the characters' ethnic experiences within the film's narrative structure. Results. The results indicate that 12 Years a Slave represents the spaces of slavery—plantations, barracks, and work areas—as closed and repressive architectures of domination, directly controlling the bodies and movements of slaves and legitimizing physical and psychological violence. In contrast, Hidden Figures depicts modern institutional spaces—offices, laboratories, and public facilities—as seemingly neutral, yet symbolically embodying practices of segregation and restricted access. Conclusions. This research confirms that architectural imagery plays an active role in constructing ethnic narratives and represents a historical shift in forms of oppression from overt violence to more subtle, systemic control.
Determinants of Organizational Commitment and its Implications for Employee Performance in Coal Mining Companies in Lahat, South Sumatra
This study aims to investigate and assess how Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Perceived Organizational Support impact Organizational Commitment, and explore the subsequent effects on Employee Performance in three coal mining companies located in Lahat, South Sumatra. The study employs a quantitative causal approach, utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on LISREL for data analysis. The findings reveal that all independent variables—Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Perceived Organizational Support—significantly and positively influence Organizational Commitment. Additionally, Organizational Commitment is found to have a notable positive impact on Employee Performance. Mediation analysis proves that Organizational Commitment functions as a full mediating variable, where the indirect influence of Organizational Culture and Perceived Organizational Support on Employee Performance through Organizational Commitment is greater than its direct influence. Perceived Organizational Support, with its dimension of welfare support, is the most dominant determinant of Organizational Commitment. Managerial implications suggest a focus on improving employee welfare and artifacts (work tools) to enhance commitment and performance.
Sustaining MSME Competitiveness through Innovation: The Mediating Effect of Innovation on Intellectual Capital and Corporate Social Responsibility
This study aims to examine the influence of Intellectual Capital (IC) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia, with a focus on the mediating role of innovation. This study employed a quantitative research design, with data collected from MSME owners and managers across multiple provinces in Indonesia. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to test the relationships among IC, CSR, innovation, and performance. The results indicated that both IC and CSR have a significant indirect effect on MSME performance through innovation, confirming full mediation. Among the IC dimensions, relational and technological capital have the strongest influence on innovation. CSR also enhances innovation through initiatives related to social welfare, environmental sustainability, and operational efficiency. These findings demonstrate that innovation acts as a strategic bridge linking knowledge assets and social responsibility to business success. The findings suggested that MSME leaders prioritize innovation-driven strategies supported by intellectual and social capital. Policymakers should design programs that integrate CSR and innovation development to strengthen MSME competitiveness and sustainability. This study contributes to the Knowledge-Based View and Stakeholder Theory by establishing innovation as a full mediator between IC, CSR, and performance. The proposed model provides a novel theoretical framework and empirical evidence explaining how MSMEs in developing economies can achieve superior performance through the synergy of knowledge, responsibility, and innovation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Retno Cahyaningati, Grahita Chandrarin, Harmono ., Diyah Sukanti Cahyaningsih, Masyhuri . https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Design Technology: Bridging the Gap between Concept and Implementation Towards a Creative Digital Future
This study investigates the role of design technology in bridging the gap between conceptual ideas and practical implementation, with a focus on fostering a creative digital future. Technological advancements have significantly influenced design processes, providing tools that enhance efficiency, reduce time and costs, and improve comfort while maintaining quality, safety, and budget requirements. The study employed a descriptive developmental approach to explore the reality and expected levels of technology use in design among professionals in graphic, architectural, and engineering design. A total of (384) participants were selected randomly, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire divided into three dimensions: Design Technology, Concept-to-Execution Gap, and Digital Future and Creativity. The validity of the instrument was confirmed by expert review and Pearson correlation analysis, while reliability was verified using Cronbach’s alpha. Results revealed a significant gap between the actual use of technology and the expected level, highlighting the need for greater integration of digital tools in design practice. The study also found a high-level concept-to-execution gap, emphasizing that technology serves as a crucial bridge between creative vision and project realization. Furthermore, participants recognized the importance of digital transformation and technology-driven creativity in shaping the future of design, underscoring the necessity of incorporating technological and digital creativity concepts into educational curricula to prepare innovative designers for the evolving professional landscape.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ruba Ahmad Rateb Al Aboushi, Tala Safwan Sami Mari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Custom Dilated-Separable CNN for Automated Cardiovascular Disease Detection Using Electrocardiogram Images
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of millions of deaths worldwide, placing a huge burden on healthcare systems. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases is essential in determining efficient treatment and preventing life-threatening complications. Traditional diagnostic approaches that rely on manual interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECGs) are often subject to inter-observer variability and are time-consuming, highlighting the urgent requirement for effective, accurate, and automated diagnostic support systems. In this article, a customized Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based diagnostic system is proposed for automated detection of cardiovascular diseases using a publicly available 12-lead ECG images dataset. Extensive pre-processing and data augmentation were applied to the dataset to improve signal diversity and minimize overfitting. This proposed CNN incorporates several building blocks, involving dilated temporal and separable wide convolutional layers, aimed to possess fine-grained morphological patterns and wider spatial dependencies in ECG images. Additionally, several layers of batch normalization and dropout were utilized for stabilizing training and improving generalization. Experimental evaluations revealed a superior classification accuracy of 99% for the proposed system, outperforming state-of-the-art pre-trained CNNs and existing related systems. Moreover, a diagnostic support tool has evolved to facilitate real-time implementation in clinical environments, providing an effective and easy-to-interpret framework for detecting cardiovascular diseases.
Automated Cardiovascular Disease Detection
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdulrahman Hamid Mahmood, Taha Mohammed Hasan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AS A CATALYST FOR SMART VILLAGE TRANSFORMATION
The field of smart villages examines how technology and sustainable practices might enhance the economic and social dimensions of rural life. This study aims to explore the role of information management in the success of smart village initiatives, focusing on how technology, sustainability, and community-centric strategies contribute to rural development.The research is grounded in the concept of smart villages as a holistic approach to rural development, integrating digital technologies, sustainable resource management, and community empowerment to reduce socio-economic disparities. A comprehensive literature review was conducted on publications from 2015 to 2023, identifying 32 relevant sources. The review analyzed best practices, technological innovations, and policy frameworks that support smart village implementation. Findings indicate that smart villages significantly improve access to essential services, enhance economic opportunities, and foster social well-being. Successful cases in India, the UK, and Egypt demonstrate that integrating connectivity, renewable energy, and digital platforms can transform rural communities into sustainable and resilient ecosystems. However, challenges such as cultural preservation, environmental impact, and social equity must be addressed. The study highlights the need for policies that balance technological adoption with cultural and environmental considerations. Future research should focus on developing inclusive models that leverage AI, IoT, and data analytics while ensuring community participation and equitable resource distribution.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sulistyo Heripracoyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Current Trends in China’s International trade with Central Asian Countries
The research highlights the increasing importance of international electronic commerce as a modern form of global exchange, demonstrating its potential to enhance trade efficiency and connectivity across borders. The study also examines the evolution of China’s foreign economic policy, identifying its strategic shifts and assessing their impact on trade relations with Central Asian countries.A detailed analysis of China’s trade with Central Asian nations reveals key trends, challenges, and opportunities in bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation. The study further evaluates the role of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as a transformative force in regional and global trade, emphasizing its contribution to infrastructure development and trade facilitation.
Media Convergence in the Era of Digital Disruption: Visual News Strategies on Kabar Makassar’s Social Media
The rapid development of digital technology has reshaped the media ecosystem and transformed patterns of news consumption. Local media organizations are therefore required to adapt through media convergence and visual content innovation. This study examines media convergence, visual news strategies, and audience engagement at Kabar Makassar as a case of local journalism in the era of digital disruption. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving editorial, multimedia, and social media teams. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings show that convergence at Kabar Makassar is realized through cross-divisional collaboration integrating editorial production, multimedia practices, and platform-based distribution. Visual strategies such as short videos, visual slides, and infographics enhance accessibility, interaction, and public responsiveness across TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube Shorts. The study concludes that local media sustainability depends on convergence, visual journalism, and participatory engagement.