Architectural Image Studies (E-ISSN:2184-8645) is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal that explores the visual, cultural, technological, social, economic, and managerial dimensions of architecture. Adopting a multidisciplinary perspective, AIS brings together architecture, urban studies, economics, management, heritage, arts, social sciences, and digital technologies to understand how the built environment is conceived, represented, experienced, governed, and sustained. We believe architecture is more than form and function — it is a cultural and economic asset, shaped by complex interactions between design, policy, markets, communities, and technology. AIS publishes original research articles, theoretical explorations, visual essays, practice-based case studies, and critical reviews. The journal especially welcomes work that connects design thinking with economic development, urban governance, tourism management, and cultural industries. Our Areas of Interest Include: Architectural Representation & Media – Drawings, photography, film, digital rendering, photogrammetry, AI-generated visualizations. Urbanism & Spatial Studies – Urban planning, infrastructure, mobility, public space governance. Cultural Heritage & History – Heritage management, preservation economics, restoration policy, memory studies. Sustainability & Environmental Design – Green architecture, climate-responsive planning, adaptive reuse, resilience strategies. Art–Architecture Intersections – Public art, installations, creative collaborations in spatial contexts. Digital Technologies & Innovation – VR/AR, 3D scanning, computational design, smart environments, BIM systems. Social & Cultural Perspectives – Inclusivity, participatory planning, community-led development, spatial justice. Economics of Architecture & Urban Development – Real estate markets, architectural entrepreneurship, cost-benefit analysis in design. Management & Policy in the Built Environment – Urban governance, cultural tourism management, infrastructure project management, policy frameworks. Interdisciplinary Approaches – Anthropology, sociology, philosophy, psychology, cultural geography in built environment studies. Please submit your article as an email attachment to editor@ap2.pt
EXPLANATORY FACTORS OF SMALL-MEDIUM BUSINESS RESILIENCE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
This paper aims to systematically review and map research on the explanatory factors of business resilience in the SME sector. Articles were taken from several Google Scholar and Scopus databases, selected, reviewed from 2012–2020. There were 68 articles collected from Google Scholar and 68 from Scopus so that the number of articles with the keyword SME resilience was 136. There were 93 articles excluded because they were not relevant and 35 because of research duplication, so that the articles used in this research are 9. Based on the literature review there are 5 themes, namely: Mastery of Digital Technology with the sub-themes of Information System Artifact, Big Data Analytical Capability, Government support, E-Commerce Adoption, Digital technology Adoption and Digital Marketing; 2) Business Capabilities with the sub-themes of sensing, seizing and reconfiguring; 3). Social Capitals with structural, relational and cognitive sub-themes; 4). Economic Disasters with the sub-themes of socio-economy, recovery and financial; and 5) Business Processes with sub-themes of planning, marketing and management. This paper contributes to the literature by offering a comprehensive research map on the explanatory factors of SME business resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Copyright (c) 2026 Made Yudi Darmita, Ida Bagus raka Suardana, A.A.N. Eddy Supriyadinata Gorda, Ida Ayu Oka Martini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Digital Storytelling Structure of Adventure Games: A Case Study of Steins; Gate
An adventure game is a video game in which the player assumes the role of a protagonist in an interactive story driven by exploration or puzzle-solving. Thanks to their focus on storytelling, they are sometimes referred to as interactive fiction or visual novels in different countries. As some of those games have been nominated or awarded at international game awards in recent years, more attention should be paid to adventure games as digital texts in terms of narratology and literariness. Moreover, this kind of game has gradually been opening up a broad market in China with the development of the female game market. However, Chinese original adventure games still have huge space for improvement in terms of narrative and interactivity, so text analysis of excellent adventure games is quite necessary and valuable. This research, based on Marie-Laure Ryan’s digital narrative theory, analyzes the textual architecture and interactive mode of Steins; Gate, a famous Japanese adventure game, to explore the textual and interactive characteristics of adventure games and promote the advancement of the original adventure games in China. Meanwhile, it is hopeful to lay a foundation for further discussion on whether video games will become another major narrative form after movies and develop their own narrative language in the future.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jongoh LEE, Yuexin SUN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Energy Efficiency Prediction in Commercial High-Rise Buildings Using CLPSO-Optimized Multi-Output BiLSTM Neural Network
Rapid growth of commercial high-rise construction in the Delhi/NCR composite climate has intensified concerns about operational energy consumption, particularly for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. In such buildings, envelope-related parameters---including geometry, orientation, glazing, and roof/wall characteristics---strongly influence heating and cooling loads, directly affecting electricity demand and carbon emissions. This study proposes a data-driven framework that combines a Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimizer (CLPSO) with a multi-output Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) neural network to accurately predict heating and cooling loads from building envelope features.The framework follows a complete pipeline: data cleaning, exploratory analysis, feature scaling and selection, outlier detection, CLPSO-based hyperparameter optimization, BiLSTM training, and comparison with established machine-learning algorithms. Using the public "Energy Efficiency" dataset (768 samples, eight input features, and two targets), the proposed CLPSO-BiLSTM model achieves a mean squared error (MSE) of 3.83 and coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9633 for heating load, and an MSE of 6.99 with R² of 0.9245 for cooling load[1]. These results substantially outperform linear regression, decision tree, random forest, ridge, and lasso regression baselines evaluated under identical conditions.The findings demonstrate that CLPSO-optimized deep recurrent architectures provide robust generalization on multimodal, nonlinear response surfaces typical of building-energy problems, and they support early-stage design decision-making for energy-efficient commercial high-rise buildings in composite climates such as Delhi/NCR.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chirag Varshney, Kranti Kumar Maurya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Role of Growth Mindset, Metacognitive Strategies, and Grit in Improving Students’ Academic Achievement: A Systematic Literature Review
This systematic review synthesizes evidence on the contribution of growth mindset, metacognitive strategies, and grit to the academic achievement of senior high school students. A search using the Scopus indexer yielded 319 titles. A series of exclusion criteria were then applied for the relevance and quality of the dataset: exclusion of articles published outside the 2013–2025 period (n = 71), exclusion of records not suggested as journal articles (n = 27), exclusion based on non-journal source type (n = 0), and exclusion of publications not written in English (n = 30). After applying these criteria, 191 articles remained and were retained for further screening and analysis. All search results were exported in RIS and Microsoft Excel comma-separated values file (CSV) formats for systematic organization and data management. Next, screening was carried out using the catchii.org application and obtained a PRISMA diagram and obtained 12 articles. The results of this study indicate that growth mindset is the most frequently studied construct and shows a reliable relationship with standardized test performance, motivation, and learning regulation, especially among students with low socioeconomic status or low achievement characteristics. Findings regarding metacognitive strategies show strong predictive value for GPA (GPA) and learning regulation, indicating a major role in growing motivational efficacy into effective academic behavior. Meanwhile, the Grit construct contributes primarily through an indirect pathway, mediating the effects of growth mindset through persistence and academic self-efficacy. Several other variables that influence student academic achievement are socioeconomic status, previous achievement, gender, and digital navigation patterns forming the third variable (construct) on student learning achievement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Awaluddin Tjalla, Fransisca Iriani R. Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Biophilic Design in Theory and Practice: Human Well-Being and Sustainable Development Across Building Typologies
This study reviews how biophilic design strategies, rooted in the human affinity for nature, enhance well-being and support sustainable development through improved spatial quality and user comfort. Through a systematic review of interdisciplinary literature in architecture, environmental psychology, and urban planning, it examines five major building typologies: educational, healthcare, residential, hospitality, and commercial. The findings show consistent psychological and physiological benefits across all contexts, with natural light, vegetation, water, and ventilation linked to stress reduction, mood improvement, and better environmental perception. Each typology demonstrates distinct outcomes, including cognitive and attentional gains in educational settings, faster recovery in healthcare, and experiential or economic benefits in commercial and hospitality environments, while residential buildings show greater comfort and emotional well-being. Cultural, climatic, and economic factors, along with varied research methods, influence both effectiveness and comparability. The study emphasizes the need for standardized evaluation, integration of physiological and environmental metrics, and context-sensitive strategies. Overall, it presents biophilic design as a practical and evidence-based approach for creating healthy, resilient, and sustainable built environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maha A. Alsarhan, Khawola F. Mahmoud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Bifurcation analysis for some fractional SIRS models
In this paper , some fractional-order epidemic models are investigated. In particular , a fractional SIRS epidemic model is considered to describe the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases incorporating memory effects through fractional derivatives . The existence and stability of equilibrium points of the proposed model are analyzed .Moreover, analytical solution are obtained for some special cases , highlighting the impact of fractional-order dynamics on the behavior of the epidemic system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mahmoud M. El-Borai, Wagdy G. El-Sayed, Ahmed M. Ibrahim, Jawaher Th. Alhamdan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Phytodesign as a Driver of Destination Image: Visual Synthesis of Tourist Attractiveness and Green Architecture in Chernihiv (2023–2025)
The article explores the role of green architecture in shaping the tourist appeal and visual image of Chernihiv (Ukraine) between 2023 and 2025. Based on 19 original visual case studies (photographic documentation), a spectrum of landscape techniques is analyzed: from the sacral-relict plantings of the Dytynets (11th century) to modern residential areas (21st century). It is proven that the strategic use of phytodesign (introduction of magnolias, creation of multi-layered mixborders, preservation of relicts such as Prunus mahaleb) acts as a driver for destination branding. The results demonstrate how green architecture mitigates visual dissonance in urban development and creates a “multi-scale perception” of the city, ensuring its sustainable development as a cultural and tourist hub.
Copyright (c) 2026 Oleksandr Lukash, Vladyslav Solodovnyk, Vitalii Morskyi, Oksana Sahach, Oleksandr Yakovenko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Global Trends in Parent-Child Communication Research in the Digital Age: A Bibliometric Analysis of Scopus 2022–2026
Digital transformation has fundamentally changed the dynamics of parent–child communication, but scientific developments in this field have not been systematically mapped in the recent period. This study aims to reconstruct the global landscape of parent–child communication research in the digital era during the period 2022–2026 through a comprehensive bibliometric approach. Data were collected from the Scopus database in January 2026 using the PRISMA protocol. From the initial 5,875 documents, after applying the inclusion criteria (journal articles, English language, open access, period 2022–2026), 418 articles were analysed using Biblioshiny (R Studio) through performance analysis and science mapping. The results show that this field is experiencing dynamic growth with a high level of scientific collaboration (1,706 authors; an average of 4.26 authors per article), but knowledge production is still concentrated in Global North countries such as the United States, Australia, and Canada. The conceptual structure is dominated by demographic and relational themes such as human, child, female, and parents, while digital issues have not yet emerged as a dominant thematic cluster. Citation analysis shows strong integration with developmental psychology, interpersonal communication, and public health. These findings indicate that although the research context is in the digital age, the theoretical paradigm still relies on the classical family communication model. The contribution of this research lies in mapping the intellectual architecture and identifying methodological and conceptual gaps, which provides a basis for developing a digital ecology-based family communication model and enriches the global literature on parent-child communication dynamics in an era of technological transformation.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Analysis of Influencing Factors on Engineering Practice Ability of Students in Applied Universitie
Driven by the global technological wave, engineering practice ability has become an important yardstick for measuring the quality of engineering professionals. This article focuses on engineering students in application-oriented universities and explores the current situation and influencing factors of their engineering practice ability. Through methods such as literature review, questionnaire survey and data analysis, a structural framework of engineering practice ability is constructed to analyze the influence of internal factors (such as self-efficacy and engineering concepts) and external factors (such as curriculum setting, teaching methods and practical environment) on ability, aiming to provide talent support for the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lin Yang, Theerapong Budsarakoon, Han Chen, Piyapun Santaveesuk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
TECHNOSTRESS AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR UNDER INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0
This study investigates the phenomenon of technostress and its implications on public sector employee performance in Malaysia within the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0). With digitalization reshaping the landscape of public service delivery, employees face new technological challenges that may hinder rather than help their performance. Utilizing a quantitative approach, this research identifies five key dimensions of technostress: techno-overload, techno-invasion, techno-complexity, techno-insecurity, and techno-uncertainty. A survey was conducted among 150 public sector employees across various departments. The findings reveal that all five dimensions are significantly associated with technostress, with techno-overload and techno-complexity being the most influential. Technostress, in turn, has a measurable negative effect on job performance, employee well-being, and workplace satisfaction. The study emphasizes the importance of strategic organizational support systems and digital literacy initiatives to mitigate the adverse effects of technostress in the evolving digital public service environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Norazila Mat, Rosmah Mat Isa, Nur Atiqah Abdullah, Jamsari Alias https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
On the Lebesgue integrable solution of an integral equation
an existence theorem of a unique solution of a Volterra integral equation of convolution type will be proved. The paper will be ended by two examples that treat the solvability of a Volterra integro- differential equation of convolution type in the space of Lebesgue integrable functions L¹[ 0 ̦T ].
Volterra integro-differential equation of convolution type
Copyright (c) 2026 Mahmoud M. El-Borai, Wagdy G. El-Sayed, Ahmed M. Ibrahim, , Batoul E. AlFadhli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Sintaxis espacial e imagen urbana en los sectores Ca y Cc del distrito de Huancayo, Huancayo – 2024
La investigación describe el problema generado a partir de la expansión desordenada y fragmentación urbana en Huancayo, desde la perspectiva de la sintaxis espacial y la imagen urbana en los sectores Ca y Cc. El objetivo fue describir cómo estas variables inciden en estos dos sectores, evaluando en la sintaxis espacial dimensiones como conectividad, integración y potencial de movimiento, y en la imagen urbana aspectos como legibilidad, permeabilidad, diversidad de actividades, riqueza sensorial y seguridad. Mediante un enfoque cuantitativo con diseño no experimental y transversal, se utilizaron herramientas como DepthMapX, encuestas y observación directa. La muestra incluyó 127 estudiantes de arquitectura para evaluar la percepción urbana, mientras que el análisis de la sintaxis espacial cubrió ambos sectores. Los resultados destacaron al sector Cc por su mayor conectividad, integración y relevancia urbana, frente al sector Ca, que mostró deficiencias notables en estos aspectos. Se concluyó que la incidencia de la sintaxis espacial y la imagen urbana es superior en el sector Cc, lo que evidencia su mayor funcionalidad y atractivo urbano. La investigación subrayó la necesidad de implementar estrategias en el sector Ca para equilibrar la dinámica urbana, mejorando su diseño, conectividad y percepción, y contribuyendo así a un desarrollo más armónico entre ambos sectores.
Copyright (c) 2026 Claudia Alessandra Camargo Aranda, Adolfo Gustavo Concha Flores https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Advancing Carbon Dioxide Utilization Technologies for Sustainable Food Production in the GCC
The food industry is a significant contributor to emissions of carbon dioxide worldwide because of its energy intensive nature of packaging, processing, refrigeration and extended supply chains. Intense climate, fossil fuel prevents energy, desalinated water, and food imports boost these emissions in dry location like Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Carbon dioxide is functional medium for fermentation, refrigeration, carbonation, microbial control, and preservation in food industry, which could be an appropriate platform to absorb carbon and exertion. CO2-reuse paths in the food business: A detailed analysis, with an emphasis on GCC economies. Physical, chemical, and biological pathways of usage are being evaluated based on technological food hygiene, maturity, and fusing potential. The priority is on functional applications such as modified environment packaging, cryogenic freezing, dairy processing, beverage carbonation, and developing carbon to food pathways like microphytes protein production, microbial lipid synthesis, and synthesis carbohydrates. Patent landscape analysis weighs revolution trends and commercial attentiveness, and procedure, coast effective, and social obstacles to large scale adoption are evaluated. CO2 recycle in the food industry is an auspicious decarbonization approach for dry areas with long term promise for food security if governmental frameworks, industrial incorporation, and communal assurance are formed.
The Role of Resilience in School Climate, Adaptability, and Self-Efficacy to Academic Performance: Evidence from a Maritime Polytechnic in Indonesia
This study investigates the influence of school climate, student adaptability, and self-efficacy on academic performance, with student resilience serving as a mediating variable. Employing a quantitative explanatory design, the research was conducted at Politeknik Pelayaran Barombong, a leading maritime polytechnic in Eastern Indonesia. The entire population of 586 cadets across three academic programs participated through a census sampling technique. Data were collected via a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Variance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (VB-SEM) with SmartPLS software. The results demonstrate that a positive school climate, high adaptability, and strong self-efficacy significantly enhance both resilience and academic performance. Furthermore, resilience mediates the effects of these predictors on performance, acting as a psychological buffer that enables students to overcome challenges. The findings underscore the importance of fostering a supportive academic environment, promoting adaptive skills, and strengthening self-efficacy to improve student outcomes. Practical implications include targeted teacher training, comprehensive student support programs, and initiatives aimed at building confidence and resilience among learners.
Copyright (c) 2026 Miran ., Suwito Eko Pramono, Joko Sutarto, Arief Yulianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
GBLR-Net: Graph-Based Lesion Relationship Network for Diabetic Retinopathy Classification through Segmented Retinal Features
Diabetic retinopathy [DR] is the leading cause of vision loss in humans, and disease severity is determined not only by the presence of retinal lesions but also by their spatial distribution and inter-lesion relationships. There is a reliance on deep learning (DL) approaches that use convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which primarily capture local pixel-level patterns, limiting their ability to model clinically meaningful lesion interactions. To mitigate this, the present study incorporates the two-stage graph network that integrates lesion-level segmentation with graph-based representation learning for diabetic retinopathy classification. In the first stage, a U-Net architecture with ResNet50 backbone is employed to perform precise multi-class segmentation of pathological retinal lesions from fundus images. In the second stage, individual lesion instances are extracted from the segmentation maps and represented as nodes in a graph, where node attributes encode morphological and spatial characteristics, and edges capture spatial proximity relationships among lesions. A graph neural network (GNN) is then applied for learning high-level features for disease grading. Experimental evaluations conducted on publicly available retinal datasets demonstrate that the proposed lesion-aware graph-based model achieves improved classification performance compared to conventional convolutional baselines, particularly in distinguishing intermediate disease stages. The results indicate that explicitly modeling lesion relationships enhances both diagnostic accuracy and interpretability, offering a clinically relevant and extensible solution for automated diabetic retinopathy assessment. Our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on the Messidor-2 dataset, outperforming most existing methods across accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. 99.08%, 99.40%, 99.20%, and 99.10%, respectively that demonstrating its superior effectiveness compared to prior works.
Copyright (c) 2026 Debasis Deb, R Murugan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The role of artificial intelligence in developing humanities studies from archaeological discovery to historical recording and geographical analysis: Application models
The Fourth Industrial Revolution represents an advanced stage of technological development, characterized by the integration of digital, physical, and biological technologies, with a strong focus on smart connectivity and advanced data analysis. At the core of this revolution stands Artificial Intelligence (AI), which enables the processing of vast amounts of data, decision-making with speed and accuracy, automation of processes, and enhancement of productivity and quality. This research examines the transformative role of AI in the humanities, particularly in archaeological, historical, and geographical studies, where traditional methods face limitations in handling complex and extensive datasets.The study aims to highlight these limitations, explore the potential of AI in analyzing diverse archaeological data to uncover new patterns, examine its role in processing large historical sources, and investigate its application in spatial data analysis for environmental and urban changes. The main hypothesis posits that AI can reveal patterns and insights unattainable by conventional methods, thereby enhancing understanding of past civilizations, historical trends, and geographical dynamics.Using a descriptive-analytical methodology supported by practical examples, the research illustrates AI applications such as satellite image analysis, artifact examination, and archival data processing. The findings indicate that integrating AI with humanities research not only improves data analysis efficiency but also maintains the critical and interpretive framework of the humanities, enabling a deeper understanding of society, history, and collective awareness in the digital era.The study concluded that integrating artificial intelligence into humanities research not only improves the efficiency and speed of data analysis but also contributes to the development of the research methodology itself, by shifting from descriptive to analytical and predictive studies, while preserving the critical and interpretive dimensions of the humanities. The study also recommends strengthening collaboration between researchers in the humanities and computer science, establishing open-source Arabic digital archives, and training researchers in the use of artificial intelligence tools. This will contribute to broadening the horizons of humanities research and connecting the past with the present within an integrated scientific framework that meets the demands of the digital age.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sajjad H. Alwan, Samar Abbas Abdulkareem, Suha Salah Tawfeeq, Zainab Abdulrazaq Khalaf Habib, Fatima Ali Mohammed, Hawraa Abdul Ameer Hussein Ali, Aya Rafid Mahdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
BETWEEN FORMAL DESIGN AND INFORMAL REALITY IN SOCIAL HOUSING IN EQUATORIAL GUINEA : THE CASE OF MALABO
In many sub-Saharan countries, the response to the housing shortage has led governments to implement social housing programs. In Malabo, the programs implemented by the government since the colonial period with the aim of reducing the housing deficit are undergoing a process of informalization that compromises the initial objectives of planning and sustainability. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes, forms, and consequences of this informalization of social housing in this city. To this end, a mixed methodology combining documentary analysis, household surveys, field observations, architectural surveys, and cartographic analysis was used. Three (3) representative cities were studied, namely Los Ángeles, Buena Esperanza I, and Vigatana B. The results show a discrepancy between the regulatory framework and actual practices. Similarly, informalization is dominated by structural and institutional causes (41.45%), followed by physical causes (30.29%). Informalization manifests itself spatially through unauthorized extensions, the privatization of common spaces, and the establishment of informal economic activities. This study highlights the need to rethink social housing policies through inclusive and participatory approaches involving local communities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Josefina MONTE-NGUBA SIALE, Guy-Hermann Mawussé PADENOU, Abdou KAILOU DJIBO, Koffi KPOTCHOU https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Technology-Integrated Flashcards and Critical Thinking: Evidence from a TPACK-Oriented Augmented Reality Intervention
The rapid integration of digital technologies in classrooms has not automatically translated into the development of higher-order thinking skills. This study investigates the effectiveness of technology-integrated flashcards enhanced through augmented reality (AR) and designed within a Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework to improve fourth-grade students’ critical thinking skills in IPAS learning. A quantitative quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group was employed. The participants consisted of 43 students from two primary schools in Bone Regency, Indonesia (23 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group). Data were collected through pretest and posttest critical thinking assessments and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, and normalized gain (N-gain) analysis. The results revealed no significant difference in pretest scores between groups (p = .893), indicating comparable baseline ability. However, posttest results showed a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group (t(41) = 6.82, p < .001) with a large effect size (d = 2.09). The experimental group achieved a moderate N-gain (0.56), substantially higher than the control group. These findings suggest that AR flashcards, when pedagogically structured through TPACK principles, can effectively foster critical thinking in primary education. The study highlights the importance of purposeful technology integration in promoting meaningful cognitive engagement rather than superficial digital enhancement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Febrianti ., Widya Karmila Sari Achmad, Faidah Yusuf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Analysis Of Housing Vulnerability And Local Adaptation Strategies To Climate Risks In The City Of Bol, Lake Province, Chad, Central Africa
Climate change poses a major challenge for Sahelian cities such as Bol, located in the Lac province of Chad, a region classified as one of the world's climate change hotspots. In this city, the vulnerability of the built environment remains insufficiently documented. Against this backdrop, this study analyses the main climate risks, their impact on housing types and local adaptation strategies in the city of Bol. The methodology adopted is based on a mixed approach combining the analysis of long-term climate data (1982–2022), surveys of 385 households, interviews, field observations and statistical analyses (χ²), supported by GIS tools. Three types of housing (traditional, semi-modern and modern) were analysed. The results show strong seasonality in climate risks, with flooding and erosion predominating in the wet season and heat waves, fires, and strong winds in the dry season. All types of housing are vulnerable, although in different ways. Local adaptation strategies are mainly structural, autonomous and reactive. This research makes an original contribution by offering a holistic view of the physical vulnerability of housing, integrating climate, social perceptions and construction types, and providing key elements to guide adaptation policies in Sahelian cities.
The Influence of Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge, Computer Self-Efficacy and School Culture on Teachers' Technostress Moderated by Organizational Support in the Era of Educational Digitalization
Digital transformation encourages teachers to integrate technology intensively in learning. However, this change also gives rise to technostress, which is psychological pressure due to the inability to adapt to new technology. This study aims to analyze the Influence of Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge, Computer Self-Efficacy and School Culture on Teacher Technostress Moderated by Organizational Support in the Era of Educational Digitalization. This study uses a quantitative method with a causal approach involving 256 respondents consisting of ASN teachers at Public High Schools in Kendari City who have implemented digital learning intensively, selected through Proportional Random Sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the direct effect and moderating effect of organizational support. The results showed that TPACK had a negative and significant effect on teacher technostress with a path coefficient value of -0.252 (p <0.05). Computer Self-Efficacy had a negative and significant effect on teacher technostress, with a path coefficient of -0.238 (p <0.05). School culture has a negative and significant effect on teacher technostress, with a path coefficient of -0.243 (p<0.05). Moderation analysis confirmed that organizational support does not have a significant effect in moderating the relationship between TPACK and Technostress where the path coefficient value is -0.064 (p>0.05). Organizational support does not significantly moderate the relationship between Computer Self-Efficacy and Technostress where the path coefficient value is -0.170 (p>0.05). Organizational support significantly moderates the relationship between School Culture and teacher Technostress with a path coefficient value of 0.229 (p<0.05). These findings provide important implications for education policy, particularly in efforts to strengthen teachers' technopedagogical competence and digital literacy, as well as aligning organizational support with school culture to create a work environment that supports the sustainable digital transformation of education.
The Influence of Financial Literacy, Financial Socialization, Self-Control, Financial Technology, and Digital Financial Literacy on Financial Well-being Mediated by the Financial Behavior of the Millennial Generation in Konawe Regency
The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the influence of financial literacy, financial socialization, self-control, financial technology, and digital financial literacy on financial behavior and financial well-being, and to examine the influence of financial behavior on financial well-being, including the mediating role of financial behavior in influencing the relationship between financial literacy, financial socialization, self-control, financial control, and digital financial literacy on financial well-being. The research method used was quantitative with SEM PLS analysis technique with a sample of 398 people. The findings of this study indicate that financial literacy, financial socialization, self-control, financial technology, and digital financial literacy significantly and positively influence the financial behavior of the millennial generation. A good understanding of financial concepts, educational support from the social environment, the ability to control oneself, and the use of conventional and digital financial technology encourage the formation of more disciplined, efficient, and planned financial behavior. Furthermore, this financial behavior directly contributes to improved financial well-being, where individuals are able to meet needs, manage finances wisely, and prepare for a more stable long-term financial condition. In addition to these direct influences, financial behavior has also been shown to be a mediating variable that strengthens the impact of financial literacy, financial socialization, self-control, financial technology, and digital financial literacy on financial well-being, thus further optimizing the creation of secure and sustainable financial conditions for the millennial generation.
The Relevance of Charles Taylor’s Hermeneutics to Interculturalism at Indonesia In Mediating Between Essentialist And Anti-Essentialist Cultural Views: An Ontological Analysis
Indonesia’s extraordinary cultural diversity presents persistent challenges in managing intercultural relations. Existing theoretical approaches to culture often oscillate between two extremes: cultural essentialism, which treats culture as fixed and immutable, and anti-essentialism, which dissolves cultural identity into fluid and contingent constructions. Both positions prove inadequate for addressing Indonesia’s dynamic intercultural reality. This article aims to demonstrate that Charles Taylor’s hermeneutical philosophy provides a robust ontological framework capable of mediating between these extremes. Employing an ontological analysis centered on the philosophical category of substance, the study examines Taylor’s key concepts, particularly humans as self-interpreting animals and the fusion of horizons. The analysis shows that Taylor’s hermeneutics allows for the recognition of cultural continuity without reification, while simultaneously affirming cultural dynamism without falling into relativism. This framework enables what the article terms critical interculturalism an approach that preserves cultural authenticity while fostering meaningful intercultural dialogue. The findings suggest that Taylor’s hermeneutical ontology offers significant theoretical contributions to intercultural studies in Indonesia and provides normative guidance for cultural policy, education, and intercultural governance in plural democratic societies.
Cross Cutting Affiliation Moderating Ethnic Socialisation Influence Towards Social Distance Amongst Indonesian Chinese Students in Jakarta and Surabaya
As a multi-ethnic country, Indonesia will always face the challenge of social distance amongst its ethnicities. The multicultural setting has made each ethnicity possessing a different culture. This means that each ethnicity does not only perceive itself differently but also has a different perception towards the others. Such diversities made each ethnicity has its own ‘life world’. ‘Life world’ includes religious cultural traditions, collective memories, relation forms, and solidarity values inheritance. One of the most common discussed social distance issues is between Indonesian Chinese (Tionghoa) and non-Indonesian Chinese. Previous studies noted the relation between social distance with ethnic identification. Ethnic identification consequently is attached with ethnic socialisation. However, the high ethnic awareness does not automatically produce ethnic bias. The circumstance resulted due to cross-cutting affiliation. Our research focuses on such issues. This study was conducted in Jakarta and Surabaya due to the multi-ethnicities’ nature of the two cities. We employ confirmatory quantitative method as our research method in examining ethnic socialisation, social distance, and cross-cutting affiliation. We have 266 respondents (68.8% female and 31.2% male) who are Indonesian Chinese students and 18-23 years old for this research. Our research reveals the negative impacts of ethnic socialisation towards social distance as well as the role cross-cutting affiliation as moderator variable. The Indonesian Chinese youth respondents in this research show significant social distance towards non-Indonesian Chinese ethnicities. Such notable social distance resulted from the negative impacts of their ethnic socialisation experience. The most distinguished element from ethnic socialisation is cultural socialisation. The existence of cross cutting affiliation can lessen the negative impacts.
MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITY BASED ON LEARNING STYLE IN CORE LEARNING ASSISTED BY E-LKPD
Mathematical problem-solving ability is an essential competency in mathematics learning, yet many students still experience difficulties in developing effective problem-solving strategies. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the CORE (Connecting, Organizing, Reflecting, and Extending) learning model assisted by electronic student worksheets (E-LKPD) in enhancing students’ mathematical problem-solving ability, as well as to describe students’ problem-solving characteristics based on visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles. Employing a mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory design, quantitative data were obtained through a pretest–posttest control group design, while qualitative data were collected through tests, questionnaires, and interviews. The results indicate that the implementation of the CORE learning model supported by E-LKPD contributes positively to students’ engagement in understanding problems, organizing solution strategies, and reflecting on mathematical thinking processes. Furthermore, variations in problem-solving characteristics were observed among students with different learning styles, suggesting that learning preferences influence how students construct and apply problem-solving strategies. These findings highlight the importance of integrating constructivist learning models with interactive digital media and adaptive instructional design to support the development of students’ mathematical problem-solving ability. Future research is encouraged to explore learning designs that more optimally accommodate diverse student learning characteristics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amidi ., Kartono ., Mulyono. ., Emi Pujiastuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Inaccessibility to affordable housing and coping strategies in Greater Nokoué (Benin) and Greater Lomé (Togo)
In Greater Nokoué (Benin) and Greater Lomé (Togo), there is a lack of access to formal and affordable housing. The objective of this paper is to examine the daily resilience strategies developed by tenants in Greater Nokoué and Greater Lomé to gain access to housing. It is based on a mixed methodological approach combining tenant surveys (159 in Greater Nokoué and 251 in Greater Lomé) and semi-structured interviews (28 in Greater Nokoué and 17 in Greater Lomé). The results reveal various coping mechanisms used to secure housing, maintain livelihoods, and foster a sense of belonging in environments marked by exclusion and informality. The field results also show that, in Greater Nokoué, strategies are based on occupying precarious housing characterized by poor hygiene and sanitation. In Greater Lomé, in addition to occupying makeshift housing, cohabitation is marked by tense relations and neighborhood conflicts. These findings show that, while these strategies allow for short-term adaptation, they often reproduce spatial inequalities and expose these populations to social and economic instability. Given this imperative, it is urgent to take into account these difficulties in accessing housing when promoting resilient and accessible cities for all, an important criterion in the definition of a sustainable city.
Copyright (c) 2026 Essodong Bakam, Sékdja Prosper Samon, Kouassi Rodolphe Anoumou, Coffi Aholou, Kodjovi Mawouli Couchoro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Integrating Information Literacy into Project-Based Learning: An Ethnographic Study of Indonesian Language Teachers’ Planning Challenges
Integrating information literacy into Project-Based Learning (PjBL) has become an important educational agenda, yet its implementation remains challenging, particularly at the level of teachers’ instructional planning. This study investigates how Indonesian language teachers conceptualize and plan the integration of information literacy within PjBL, and identifies the pedagogical challenges they encounter in classroom practice. Employing an ethnographic research design, the study was conducted in three junior high schools in Nganjuk, Indonesia. Data were collected through prolonged classroom observations, in-depth interviews with Indonesian language teachers, and analysis of lesson plans and instructional documents. The data were analyzed thematically to capture recurring patterns in teachers’ planning practices and underlying pedagogical assumptions. The findings reveal that teachers tend to interpret information literacy in procedural terms, emphasizing information searching and project completion rather than critical evaluation, synthesis, and ethical use of information. Planning difficulties are further compounded by assessment constraints, limited instructional time, and the absence of explicit curricular guidelines for information literacy integration. As a result, PjBL is often implemented as a product-oriented activity, with limited scaffolding for students’ information-processing and reflective practices. Nevertheless, the study also identifies emerging forms of teacher agency, as educators adapt PjBL through collaborative inquiry and informal reflective activities despite structural constraints. This study contributes to the literature by foregrounding teachers’ lived planning experiences and highlighting the need for conceptually grounded frameworks, aligned assessment strategies, and sustained professional development to support meaningful integration of information literacy within PjBL in secondary education contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ermi Adriani Meikayanti, Yuni Pratiwi, Titik Harsiati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Analysis of the Impact of the Mining Industry on the Social and Economic Conditions of the Community Around the Industrial Area of Konawe Regency
Nickel mining industrialization has expanded rapidly as part of Indonesia’s downstream resource policy aimed at stimulating economic growth and regional development. Conceptually, the presence of industry is expected to generate multiplier effects such as increased income, employment opportunities, and local economic activity. In practice, however, a development paradox often occurs in which economic growth is not always followed by improved community welfare. Differences in the level of exposure among communities surrounding industrial areas create unequal distribution of benefits and risks, requiring an impact analysis based on affected rings.This study aims to analyze the social and economic impacts of mining industry activities on communities around the industrial area of Konawe Regency and to evaluate the effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation in villages classified into Ring 1 (directly affected) and Ring 2 (indirectly affected).The results show that Ring 1 experiences the most significant social, economic, and environmental pressures, characterized by the decline of traditional livelihoods, limited access to formal mining employment, degradation of natural resources, changes in social interaction, and inequality in local power structures. Ring 2 remains relatively stable and benefits from economic multiplier effects through the growth of trade and services. CSR programs remain partial and have not been oriented toward productive economic empowerment, so the benefits received by communities are not proportional to the impacts, especially in Ring 1.The study emphasizes the importance of participatory, inclusive, and sustainable environmental management and CSR implementation based on local needs to ensure fair community welfare improvement.
Exploring The Current State of Media Impact Analysis on Health Communication: A Bibliometric Review
This study explores the current state of media impact analysis on health communication through a comprehensive bibliometric review of scholarly research. A systematic review was conducted utilizing tools such as VOSviewer, Biblioshiny (R-package), and Publish or Perish, analyzing data from the Scopus database. A total of 248 ournal articles published between 1959 and 2026 were reviewed, revealing a significant increase in publications over the last decade. The analysis highlights the growing importance of social media, health communication strategies, and digital platforms in influencing public health outcomes. Key themes such as crisis communication, public health engagement, social media's role in health messaging, and mental health communication were consistently found in the literature. The United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia are the leading contributors to this research, with prominent institutions such as Harvard University and the University of California driving substantial scholarly output. Major journals, including Health Communication and Journal of Health Communication, have significantly shaped the field. Additionally, the study emphasizes the crucial role of digital health communication in times of crisis, particularly in managing health information during pandemics like COVID-19. Despite the growing body of research, gaps remain in addressing the effectiveness of communication strategies for marginalized communities and specific health topics. The findings suggest that future research should focus on the integration of new media technologies, social determinants of health, and the impact of personalized communication strategies, offering valuable insights into the evolving landscape of health communication and its role in improving public health.
Developing Academic Literacy in Indonesian as a Foreign Language: Writing Strategies and Genre Awareness among BIPA Students
The development of academic literacy has become a critical concern in Indonesian as a Foreign Language (Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing/BIPA) programs, particularly as international students are increasingly required to produce academic texts in Indonesian higher education contexts. This study investigates how writing strategies and genre awareness contribute to the development of academic literacy among BIPA learners. Adopting a qualitative-dominant mixed-methods design, the study involved 15 BIPA students enrolled in an intermediate-to-advanced academic writing course at a public university in Indonesia. Data were collected through academic writing tasks, a writing strategy questionnaire, classroom observations, and semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically and through genre analysis, while quantitative data were used descriptively to support qualitative findings. The results reveal that academic literacy development among BIPA learners is shaped by the dynamic interplay of metacognitive writing strategies, genre awareness, and linguistic background. Learners who actively employed global writing strategies—such as planning, monitoring, and substantive revision—demonstrated stronger control over academic genres, particularly in argumentative and research-based writing. However, genre awareness was uneven across task types, with reflective genres being more accessible than analytically demanding academic genres. Linguistic background, especially differences in writing systems, further mediated learners’ ability to realize genre conventions effectively. Overall, the findings underscore that academic literacy in BIPA contexts extends beyond language accuracy to encompass strategic, rhetorical, and sociocultural competencies. This study contributes to L2 writing research by providing empirical evidence from Indonesian higher education and offers pedagogical implications for genre-based and strategy-oriented instruction in BIPA programs.
Study of Daylight in atrium by software simulation through variable geometry with respect to size and shape
In many buildings atrium has been designed with various shapes and forms. The main purpose to design atrium is to get good quality of day light and also to make building more ventilated. Such attempts to optimizing the atrium size is very important because it not only improve the natural daylight inside the building but also reduce the heating and cooling load, hence reduces the electrical load in the building. The geometry of atrium is defined by the atrium well index (WI). This paper is focusing on the effect of daylight in atrium and adjoining areas, keeping the well index constant by varying the parameters like height, width and length ratio of atrium wells and also to examine effect on daylight in atrium and adjoining areas by different shapes of atrium like circular, square and rectangle having equal atrium shapes areas. The amount of average lux, spatial daylight autonomy and annual sunlight exposure is studied by software simulation. The average daylight factor is very important parameter to examine the light level. The 3D software model of various atrium forms is created and its performance is studied by software simulation. Day lighting analysis is done using Climate Studio tool with Rhinoceros 3D 7.0. Built on Energy Plus and a novel radiance-based path tracing technology.
Building orientation Software simulation
Copyright (c) 2026 Sarvesh Anand, Manoj Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0